Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated the effects of chronic 3-day beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation on maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), velocity associated with VO2max(vVO2max), and peak velocity (Vpeak) in recreational runners.
Methods
Thirteen male recreational runners (age 28.2 ± 3.0 years, height 176.8 ± 0.1 cm, body mass 74.4 ± 9.5 kg) performed four tests on a treadmill in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design: two maximum incremental tests to determine VO2max and vVO2max, and two tests to determine Vpeak. Trials were performed following 3 days of supplementation of NO3−-rich BRJ in natura (8.4 mmol NO3− day− 1) or BRJ NO3−-depleted placebo (0.01 mmol NO3− day− 1), with the last dose being ingested 2 h before each test. During the tests, maximum heart rate (HRmax), maximal rating of perceived exertion (RPEmax), pre- and post-test glucose concentrations (Glucpre, Glucpost), and peak blood lactate concentration were determined.
Results
VO2max was higher following BRJ vs PLA (46.6 ± 6.4 vs 45.1 ± 5.8 mL kg− 1 min− 1; P = 0.022), as well as vVO2max (14.5 ± 0.8 vs 13.9 ± 1.0 km h− 1P = 0.024) and Vpeak (15.5 ± 1.1 vs 15.2 ± 1.2 km h− 1P = 0.038), with no differences in the other variables.
Conclusion
Consumption of NO3−-rich BRJ in natura (8.4 mmol NO3− day− 1) once per day for 3 days improved VO2max, vVO2max and Vpeak in recreational runners without changing the other analyzed variables.
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Abbreviations
- LA:
-
Blood lactate concentration
- LApeak :
-
Peak blood lactate concentration
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- ADP:
-
Adenosine diphosphate
- BRJ:
-
Beetroot juice supplementation
- ES:
-
Effect size
- Glucpre :
-
Pre-glucose concentrations
- Glucpost :
-
Post-glucose concentrations
- HR:
-
Heart rate
- HRmax :
-
Maximum heart rate
- Inc:
-
Speed increment
- NaNO3 − :
-
Sodium nitrate
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- NOS:
-
Nitric oxide synthase
- NO2 − :
-
Nitrite
- NO3 − :
-
Inorganic nitrate
- O2 :
-
Oxygen
- PCr:
-
Phosphocreatine
- Pi :
-
Inorganic phosphate
- PLA:
-
Placebo
- P/O:
-
Phosphate/oxygen ratio
- RE:
-
Running economy
- RPE:
-
Rating of perceived exertion
- RPEmax :
-
Maximal rating of perceived exertion
- SIRT1:
-
Regulatory protein sirtuin
- T :
-
Number of seconds required to complete a stage
- t :
-
Number of seconds sustained during the incomplete stage
- V complete :
-
Running velocity of the last complete stage
- VO2 :
-
Oxygen uptake
- VO2max :
-
Maximum oxygen uptake
- V peak :
-
Peak velocity
- vVO2max :
-
Velocity associated with VO2max
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de Castro, T.F., de Assis Manoel, F., Figueiredo, D.H. et al. Effects of chronic beetroot juice supplementation on maximum oxygen uptake, velocity associated with maximum oxygen uptake, and peak velocity in recreational runners: a double-blinded, randomized and crossover study. Eur J Appl Physiol 119, 1043–1053 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04094-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04094-w