Abstract
Purpose
Increased arterial stiffness is observed with ageing and in individuals with low cardiorespiratory fitness (\(\dot {V}\)O2peak), and associated with cardiovascular risk. Following an exercise bout, transient arterial stiffness reductions offer short-term benefit, but may depend on exercise intensity. This study assessed the effects of exercise intensity on post-exercise arterial stiffness in older adults with varying fitness levels.
Methods
Fifty-one older adults (72 ± 5 years) were stratified into fitness tertiles (\(\dot {V}\)O2peak: low-, 22.3 ± 3.1; mid-, 27.5 ± 2.4 and high-fit 36.3 ± 6.5 mL kg−1 min−1). In a randomised order, participants underwent control (no-exercise), moderate-intensity continuous exercise (40% of peak power output; PPO), and higher-intensity interval exercise (70% of PPO) protocols. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx75) and reflection magnitude (RM) were assessed at rest and during 90 min of recovery following each protocol.
Results
After control, delta PWV increased over time (P < 0.001) and delta RM was unchanged. After higher-intensity interval exercise, delta PWV (P < 0.001) and delta RM (P < 0.001) were lower to control in all fitness groups. After moderate-intensity continuous exercise, delta PWV was not different from control in low-fit adults (P = 0.057), but was lower in the mid- and higher-fit older adults. Post-exercise AIx75 was higher to control in all fitness groups (P = 0.001).
Conclusions
In older adults, PWV increases during seated rest and this response is attenuated after higher-intensity interval exercise, regardless of fitness level. This attenuation was also observed after moderate-intensity continuous exercise in adults with higher, but not lower fitness levels. Submaximal exercise reveals differences in the arterial stiffness responses between older adults with higher and lower cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Abbreviations
- AIx75:
-
Augmentation index corrected for heart rate
- cDBP:
-
Central diastolic blood pressure
- cPP:
-
Central pulse pressure
- cSBP:
-
Central systolic blood pressure
- HR:
-
Heart rate
- LMM:
-
Linear mixed model
- MAP:
-
Mean arterial pressure
- Pb:
-
Backward pressure wave
- Pf:
-
Forward pressure wave
- PPO:
-
Peak power output
- PWV:
-
Pulse wave velocity
- RM:
-
Reflection magnitude
- RPE:
-
Rate of perceived exertion
- \(\dot {V}\)O2peak :
-
Peak oxygen consumption
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Acknowledgements
This research was funded by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (1000967, 1022752, 1079369) and The Townsville Hospital. Professor Jonathan Golledge’s work is supported by fellowships from the NHMRC (1117061) and the Queensland Government (Senior Clinical Research Fellowship). Support for this work was also provided through the Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster at the University of the Sunshine Coast.
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All authors read and approved the manuscript. Below is the short description of the manuscript contribution made by each listed author: Conceived and designed the experiment: MP, MW, TB, CA. Performed the experiment: MP, MW, TB. Analysed the data: MP, TB, CA. Wrote/reviewed the paper: MP, TB, MW, MN, KG, AL, JG, CA.
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Perissiou, M., Bailey, T.G., Windsor, M. et al. Effects of exercise intensity and cardiorespiratory fitness on the acute response of arterial stiffness to exercise in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 118, 1673–1688 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3900-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3900-5