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Circadian variation of salivary immunoglobin A, alpha-amylase activity and mood in response to repeated double-poling sprints in hypoxia

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European Journal of Applied Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To assess the circadian variations in salivary immunoglobin A (sIgA) and alpha-amylase activity (sAA), biomarkers of mucosal immune function, together with mood during 2 weeks of repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) and normoxia (RSN).

Methods

Over a 2-week period, 17 competitive cross-country skiers performed six training sessions, each consisting of four sets of five 10-s bouts of all-out double-poling under either normobaric hypoxia (FiO2: 13.8 %, 3000 m) or normoxia. The levels of sIgA and sAA activity and mood were determined five times during each of the first (T1) and sixth (T6) days of training, as well as during days preceding (baseline) and after the training intervention (follow-up).

Results

With RSH, sIgA was higher on T6 than T1 (P = 0.049), and sAA was increased on days T1, T6, and during the follow-up (P < 0.01). With RSN, sIgA remained unchanged and sAA was elevated on day T1 only (P = 0.04). Similarly, the RSH group demonstrated reduced mood on days T1, T6, and during the follow-up, while mood was lowered only on T1 with RSN (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The circadian variation of sIgA and sAA activity, biomarkers of mucosal immune function, as well as mood were similar on the first day of training when repeated double-poling sprints were performed with or without hypoxia. Only with RSH did the levels of sIgA and sAA activity rise with time, becoming maximal after six training sessions, when mood was still lowered. Therefore, six sessions of RSH reduced mood, but did not impair mucosal immune function.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

AUCG :

Area under the curve with respect to ground level

CV:

Coefficients of variation

FiO2 :

Fraction of inspired oxygen

RSH:

Repeated sprint training in hypoxia

RSN:

Repeated sprint training in normoxia

sAA activity:

Salivary alpha-amylase activity

SD:

Standard deviation

sIgA:

Salivary levels of immunoglobin A

T1:

First day of training

T6:

Sixth day of training

URTI:

Upper-respiratory tract infection

XC skiers:

Cross-country skiers

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank all the participants sincerely for their enthusiastic contribution to this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Institute for Sport Sciences, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

    Dennis-Peter Born & Billy Sperlich

  2. Swiss Federal Institute of Sport, Section for Elite Sport, Magglingen, Switzerland

    Raphael Faiss

  3. ISSUL Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Raphael Faiss & Gregoire P. Millet

  4. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Raphael Faiss & Gregoire P. Millet

  5. Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Oestersund, Sweden

    Sarah Jean Willis & Hans-Christer Holmberg

  6. Clinical Biopsychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

    Jana Strahler

Authors
  1. Dennis-Peter Born
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  2. Raphael Faiss
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  3. Sarah Jean Willis
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  4. Jana Strahler
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  6. Hans-Christer Holmberg
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  7. Billy Sperlich
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dennis-Peter Born.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. The study was financed by own institutional resources.

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Communicated by Fabio Fischetti.

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Born, DP., Faiss, R., Willis, S.J. et al. Circadian variation of salivary immunoglobin A, alpha-amylase activity and mood in response to repeated double-poling sprints in hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol 116, 1–10 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3236-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3236-3

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