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Cancer and non-cancer excess mortality resulting from mixed exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from contaminated rice oil: “Yusho”

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Abstract

Purpose

In 1968, rice oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans caused a severe outbreak of food poisoning in Japan and was termed locally as “Yusho” (oil disease). In our previous study, we found that area-based standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of some diseases were elevated shortly after the incident. This previous study, however, was unable to determine whether these elevated SMRs were a result of other area-specific factors. To overcome this limitation, we obtained mortality data from the 5 years before the incident and conducted an area-based study using vital statistics records dating from 1963 to 2002.

Methods

The population of Nagasaki Prefecture was set as the reference population for calculating SMRs. We also included data on cause-specific mortality attributable to cancer and expanded the population to encompass two severely exposed areas where contaminated rice oil was distributed (namely Tamanoura and Naru). We also calculated SMRs in the remainder of the Shimo-Goto region, excluding the exposed area, which was used as a comparison area.

Results

Even after considering the time trends in mortality before the incident, mortality due to diabetes mellitus and heart disease, as well as all-cause mortality, was found to be elevated shortly afterward. Additionally, mortalities due to uterine cancer in Tamanoura and leukemia were also elevated at 30–34 and 10–59 years after the event in both exposed areas, respectively. SMRs for leukemia in Tamanoura were as high as 3.0 (95 % confidence interval 1.4–6.2) and 2.4 (1.2–4.8) 10–19 years later. In this period, SMRs for leukemia in the comparison area were not elevated.

Conclusions

Further epidemiological studies are needed regarding this rice-oil, “Yusho” outbreak, especially with regard to cancer and non-cancer mortality.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Ms. Toshiko Shukuwa and Dr. Mamoru Shimoda for their valuable input. We also thank Ms. Kaori Kyo who helped us collect the data. This work was supported by the Okayama Medical Foundation.

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No conflict of interest.

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The manuscript does not contain clinical studies or patient data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan

    Saori Kashima & Akira Eboshida

  2. Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan

    Takashi Yorifuji & Toshihide Tsuda

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  1. Saori Kashima
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Correspondence to Saori Kashima.

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Kashima, S., Yorifuji, T., Tsuda, T. et al. Cancer and non-cancer excess mortality resulting from mixed exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from contaminated rice oil: “Yusho”. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 88, 419–430 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-014-0966-1

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