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Clinical and MRI features of gait and balance disorders in neurodegenerative diseases

  • Neurological Update
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Abstract

Gait and balance disorders are common signs in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, atypical parkinsonism, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, cerebrovascular disease, dementing disorders and multiple sclerosis. According to each condition, patients present with different gait and balance alterations depending on the structural and functional brain changes through the disease course. In this review, we will summarize the main clinical characteristics of gait and balance disorders in the major neurodegenerative conditions, providing an overview of the significant structural and functional MRI brain alterations underlying these deficits. We also will discuss the role of neurorehabilitation strategies in promoting brain plasticity and gait/balance improvements in these patients.

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Funding

This study was partially supported by a grant from Ministero della Salute (GR-2018-12366005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy

    Elisabetta Sarasso, Massimo Filippi & Federica Agosta

  2. Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Filippi & Federica Agosta

  3. Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Filippi

  4. Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Filippi

  5. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy

    Elisabetta Sarasso, Massimo Filippi & Federica Agosta

  6. Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Elisabetta Sarasso

Authors
  1. Elisabetta Sarasso
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  2. Massimo Filippi
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  3. Federica Agosta
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Federica Agosta.

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Conflicts of interest

E. Sarasso has nothing to disclose. M. Filippi is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology and Associate Editor of Human Brain Mapping. He has received compensation for consulting services and/or speaking activities from Almiral, Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, and receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla, and ARiSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA). F. Agosta is the Associate Editor of NeuroImage: Clinical, has received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Roche and Zambon, and receives or has received research supports from the Italian Ministry of Health, AriSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA), the European Research Council and Foundation Research on Alzheimer Disease.

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Sarasso, E., Filippi, M. & Agosta, F. Clinical and MRI features of gait and balance disorders in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol 270, 1798–1807 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11544-7

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