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Autonomic dysfunction is associated with neuropsychological impairment in Lewy body disease

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Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the association of autonomic dysfunction with cognition, depression, apathy, and fatigue in Lewy body disease (LBD).

Methods

We included 61 patients [49 with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, 7 with dementia with Lewy bodies, and 5 E46K-SNCA mutation carriers] and 22 healthy controls. All participants underwent a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological and clinical measures, autonomic symptom assessment with the SCOPA-AUT, analysis of non-invasive hemodynamic parameters during deep breathing, the Valsalva maneuver, and a 20-min tilt test, and electrochemical skin conductance measurement at rest (Sudoscan). Student’s t tests were used to assess group differences, and bivariate correlations and stepwise linear regressions to explore associations between autonomic function, cognition, depression, apathy, and fatigue.

Results

Compared to controls, patients who had significant impairment (p < 0.05) in cognition, higher depression, apathy, and fatigue, more autonomic symptoms and objective autonomic dysfunction, reduced deep breathing heart rate variability [expiratory-to-inspiratory (E/I) ratio], prolonged pressure recovery time, and lower blood pressure in Valsalva late phase II and phase IV, while 24.1% had orthostatic hypotension in the tilt test. Autonomic parameters significantly correlated with cognitive and neuropsychiatric outcomes, systolic blood pressure during the Valsalva maneuver predicting apathy and depression. The E/I ratio was the main predictor of cognitive performance (17.6% for verbal fluency to 32.8% for visual memory).

Conclusion

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is associated with cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairment in LBD, heart rate variability during deep breathing and systolic blood pressure changes during the Valsalva procedure are the main predictors of neuropsychological performance and depression/apathy symptoms, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank all the patients and participants involved in the study.

Funding

This study was partially co-funded by the Michael J. Fox Foundation [RRIA 2014 (Rapid Response Innovation Awards) Program (Grant ID: 10189)], by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through projects “PI14/00679” and “PI16/00005”, a Juan Rodes Grant “JR15/00008” (IG) (co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund—"Investing in your future"), and by the Department of Health of the Basque Government through project “2016111009”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, CP, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain

    Rocío Del Pino, Ane Murueta-Goyena, Marian Acera, Mar Carmona-Abellan, Beatriz Tijero, Iñigo Gabilondo & Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban

  2. International University of La Rioja, La Rioja, Spain

    Rocío Del Pino

  3. Neurology Department, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain

    Beatriz Tijero, Iñigo Gabilondo & Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban

  4. Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain

    Olaia Lucas-Jiménez, Natalia Ojeda, Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao & Javier Peña

  5. Ikerbasque: The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain

    Iñigo Gabilondo

  6. Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain

    Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban

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  1. Rocío Del Pino
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Correspondence to Rocío Del Pino.

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The study protocol was approved by the regional clinical research ethics committee.

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All participants gave written informed consent prior to their participation in the study, in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Del Pino, R., Murueta-Goyena, A., Acera, M. et al. Autonomic dysfunction is associated with neuropsychological impairment in Lewy body disease. J Neurol 267, 1941–1951 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09783-7

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