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Subjective cognitive failures after stroke in young adults: prevalent but not related to cognitive impairment

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Abstract

Few studies exist on subjective cognitive failures after a stroke in young adults (≤50 years) and their relation to objective cognitive performance is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of subjective cognitive failures in patients with a stroke in young adulthood and their relation with objective cognitive impairment. This study is part of the “Follow-Up of Transient ischemic attack and stroke patients and Unelucidated Risk factor Evaluation”-study (FUTURE study), including patients, aged 18–50 years, admitted to our hospital between 1980 and 2010 with a first-ever TIA or ischemic stroke. The prevalence of subjective cognitive failures in patients was determined and compared with 146 age- and sex-matched stroke-free controls. The relation of subjective failures with objective cognitive performance was investigated with linear and logistic regression analysis. 160 patients with a TIA and 277 with an ischemic stroke were included. After a mean follow-up of 10.1 (SD 8.3) years, the prevalence of subjective memory failures was 86.4 % and that of subjective executive failures was 67.4 % in patients, versus 69.7 % (p = 0.008) and 41.4 % (p = 0.002) in controls. A weak association between subjective memory failures and objective immediate (beta −0.12, p = 0.011) and delayed memory performance (beta −0.13, p = 0.010) was observed in patients. Subjective cognitive failures are prevalent after stroke in young adults, but not strongly related to objective cognitive impairment. Therefore, extensive neuropsychological assessment is essential for determination of objective cognitive impairment. However, it is important that subjective cognitive failures are recognized as they may indicate underlying psychosocial problems.

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Conflicts of interest

Drs. N. A. M. M. Maaijwee reports no disclosures or conflicts of interest. Drs. P. Schaapsmeerders reports no disclosures or conflicts of interest. Drs. L. C. A. Rutten-Jacobs reports no disclosures or conflicts of interest. Drs. R. M. Arntz reports no disclosures or conflicts of interest. Dr. H. C. Schoonderwaldt reports no disclosures or conflicts of interest. Dr. E. J. van Dijk reports no disclosures or conflicts of interest. Prof. Dr. R. P. C. Kessels reports no disclosures or conflicts of interest. Frank-Erik de Leeuw received funding from the Dutch Epilepsy Fund (Grant 10-18). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.

Ethical standards

The Medical Review Ethics Committee region Arnhem-Nijmegen approved the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and control participants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Noortje A. M. M. Maaijwee, Pauline Schaapsmeerders, Loes C. A. Rutten-Jacobs, Renate M. Arntz, Hennie C. Schoonderwaldt, Ewoud J. van Dijk & Frank-Erik de Leeuw

  2. Department of Medical Psychology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Roy P. C. Kessels

  3. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Roy P. C. Kessels

Authors
  1. Noortje A. M. M. Maaijwee
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  2. Pauline Schaapsmeerders
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  3. Loes C. A. Rutten-Jacobs
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  4. Renate M. Arntz
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  5. Hennie C. Schoonderwaldt
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  6. Ewoud J. van Dijk
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  7. Roy P. C. Kessels
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  8. Frank-Erik de Leeuw
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Noortje A. M. M. Maaijwee.

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Maaijwee, N.A.M.M., Schaapsmeerders, P., Rutten-Jacobs, L.C.A. et al. Subjective cognitive failures after stroke in young adults: prevalent but not related to cognitive impairment. J Neurol 261, 1300–1308 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-014-7346-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-014-7346-3

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