Abstract
Garnet amphibolites with relics of mafic granulite occur within the Precambrian Odaesan Complex and the Paleozoic Taebaeksan Basin on the Korean Peninsula. Atoll garnets and symplectites after garnet are locally developed in the mafic rocks. In order to constrain the metamorphic–metasomatic garnet decomposition, we undertook mineral equilibria modeling using pressure (P)–temperature (T)–fluid composition [\(X_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\); CO2/(CO2 + H2O)]–bulk–rock composition (XBC) pseudosections that were calculated in the Na2O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–H2O ± MnO ± Fe2O3 ± CO2 system. The integrated thermodynamic pseudosection modeling successfully reproduced the variations in metamorphic mineral assemblages and the reaction textures produced by metasomatism during the exhumation of the mafic rocks. The peak P–T–\(X_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\) conditions of the mafic granulite and amphibolite were 9.5–11.0 kbar/670–720 °C at \(X_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\) = 0.4–0.5 and 7.0–9.0 kbar/580–630 °C at \(X_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\) = 0.4, respectively. Subsequently, during retrogressive metamorphism at 3.5–6.0 kbar and 470–530 °C in the presence of H2O-dominated fluids, the symplectites and atoll garnets were formed by preferential dissolution and/or resorption. Furthermore, fluid-assisted local variations in rock composition (involving Al3+, Fe2+, and Ca2+) also affected the formation of the metasomatic reaction textures around the garnet porphyroblasts. The peak metamorphism with change of \(X_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\) occurred during the early Triassic (c. 250 Ma), as inferred from U–Pb zircon age data. Taking into account previous metamorphic and provenance studies on the tectonic environment of the eastern margin of the Korean Peninsula, the sub-isothermal decompressional P–T–\(X_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\)–XBC path of the amphibolites and mafic granulites resulted from the amalgamation of microcontinents and the Sino–Korean Craton at a trench–arc setting during the Permian–Triassic orogeny.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2022R1A2C1003840) and a Korea University Grant. The authors thanks two anonymous reviewers for helpful and constructive suggestions that improved the manuscript significantly.
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410_2022_1952_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx
Supplementary file1 (XLSX 62 KB): Table S1: Analyses of garnet in the amphibolites (samples GY105, GY60, OG87-4M, 5M, 6M, 3R and 1R) and mafic granulite (OG87-7C and 8C) from the Odaesan Complex and Taebaeksan Basin. * Total iron as FeO. F/FM, XAlm, XSpss, XPrp, and XGrs in garnet indicate Fe/(Fe + Mg), Fe/(Fe + Mg + Mn + Ca), Mn/(Fe + Mg + Mn + Ca), Mg/(Fe + Mg + Mn + Ca), and Ca/(Fe + Mg + Mn + Ca), respectively
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Supplementary file2 (XLSX 61 KB): Table S2: Analyses of plagioclase and k-feldspar in in the amphibolites (samples GY105, GY60, OG87-4M, 5M, 6M, 3R and 1R) and mafic granulite (OG87-7C and 8C) from the Odaesan Complex and Taebaeksan Basin. XAn, XAb, and XOr in plagioclase and k-feldspar represent Ca/(Ca + Na + K), Na/(Ca + Na + K), and K/(Ca + Na + K), respectively
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Supplementary file3 (XLSX 22 KB): Table S3: Analyses of clinopyroxene in the amphibolite (GY105) and mafic granulite (samples OG87-7C and 8C) from the Odaesan Complex and Taebaeksan Basin. XWo, XEn, and XFs in clinopyroxene represent Ca/(Ca + Mg + Fe), Mg/(Ca + Mg + Fe), and Fe/(Ca + Mg + Fe), respectively
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Supplementary file4 (XLSX 61 KB): Table S4: Analyses of amphibole in the amphibolites (samples GY105, GY60, GY30, OG87-4M, 5M, 6M, 3R and 1R) and mafic granulite (OG87-7C and 8C) from the Odaesan Complex and Taebaeksan Basin. Fe3+ in amphibole is calculated using 13eCNK of Leake et al. (1997), and XMg = Mg / (Mg+Fe2+)
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Supplementary file5 (XLSX 32 KB): Table S5: Analyses of titanite, zoisite, ilmenite, magnetite, and calcite in the amphibolites (samples GY105, GY60, GY30, OG87-4M, 5M, 6M, 3R and 1R) and mafic granulite (OG87-7C and 8C) from the Odaesan Complex and Taebaeksan Basin. XCzo = (Al – 2)/(Al – 2 + Fe3++ Mn3+), XEp = (Fe3+)/(Al – 2 + Fe3++ Mn3+), XPmt = (Mn3+)/(Al – 2 + Fe3++ Mn3+)
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Supplementary file7 (XLSX 15 KB): Table S7: SHRIMP U–Pb zircon data from garnet amphibolites (samples GY30 and 105-1) of the Odaesan Complex in the eastern Gyeonggi Massif
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Park, B.J., Kim, H.S. P–T–\(X_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\)–bulk rock composition modeling of garnet decomposition in amphibolite and mafic granulite: tectono-metamorphic insights into the Permian–Triassic orogeny on the eastern margin of the Korean Peninsula. Contrib Mineral Petrol 177, 89 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-022-01952-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-022-01952-3