Abstract
Beneath subduction zone volcanoes, the parental magmas are thoroughly blended during temporary storage in the crust via repeated heating and mixing from new inputs of magma. To obtain a clearer picture of magma assembly, we employed a sub-crystal-scale Sr-isotope analysis, coupled with textural and geochemical data, on plagioclase phenocrysts in basaltic andesite and andesite erupted from the Tongariro volcanic complex, New Zealand. Deposits from two neighbouring vents were examined: (1) 0.3–3.4 ka lava flows of the polygenetic Red Crater volcano and (2) 26 ka pyroclastics of the monogenetic Pukeonake scoria cone. Despite the differences in eruptive styles and history of the two volcanoes, the plagioclase growth histories are similar. One common phenocryst type comprises of a resorbed core zone (variously, ~ An50–70) surrounded by a sieve-textured mantle/rim of higher An (~ 80), Fe and Mg contents. Other phenocrysts have resorbed calcic cores (~ An70–90). In situ 87Sr/86Sr analyses reveal a wide isotopic range (~ 0.7044–0.7060 for pre-1.8 ka Red Crater; ~ 0.7044–7057 for post-1.8 ka Red Crater; ~ 0.7047–0.7055 for Pukeonake). Most of the values are higher than that of the host bulk rock (87Sr/86Sr ~ 0.7049–0.7051 for pre-1.8 ka Red Crater; 0.7045–0.7046 for post-1.8 ka Red Crater; 0.7048 for Pukeonake). The variation within some individual phenocrysts is comparable to that of the entire population. The higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios are related relic phenocryst cores, indicating that their parental source was more radiogenic than the host magma. In contrast, their sieve-textured mantle/rim zones have lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios (~ 0.7045–0.7049), similar that of their host rock. These features record magma mixing. Less than 10% of phenocryst interiors are cognate (autocrysts) with the host rock based on their high 87Sr/86Sr ratio. Some phenocrysts are likely to be xenocrysts derived from the disintegration of deep crustal meta-igneous rocks. However, based on textures consistent with growth from a melt, the majority are antecrysts from intrusive forerunners and/or crystal mush zones, entrained during eruption or storage. Overall, the andesites are a product of crystal-poor magmas of mantle or lower crustal origin carrying phenocrysts from mostly crustal sources. The magma system likely comprised of a series of semi-isolated melt pods or crystal mush zones in a larger network of intrusions of various ages and states of solidification, possibly hosted in country rock of various compositions. Resorption of the sieve-textured mantle zones on the phenocrysts and growth of a normally zoned outermost rim represents a final period of fractional crystallization in the newly homogenised melt following the ascent and intrusion of mafic magma. Hence, the final tipping point to eruption may have involved crystallization-induced volatile exsolution and degassing.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Annen C, Blundy JD, Sparks SJ (2006) The genesis of intermediate and silicic magmas in deep crustal hot zones. J Petrol 47:505–539
Beier C, Haase KH, Brandi PA, Krumm SH (2017) Primitive andesites from the Taupo Volcanic Zone formed by magma mixing. Contrib Miner Petrol 172:33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1354-0
Blundy JD, Cashman KV (2001) Ascent-driven crystallization of dacite magmas at Mount St. Helens, 1980–1986. Contrib Miner Petrol 140:631–650
Bouvet de Maisonneuve C, Dungan MA, Bachmann O, Burgisser A (2013) Petrological insights into shifts in eruptive styles at Volcan Llaima (Chile). J Petrol 54:393–420
Cashman K, Blundy J (2013) Petrological cannibalism: the chemical and textural consequences of incremental magma body growth. Contrib Miner Petrol 166:703–729
Cashman K, Sparks RSJ, Blundy JD (2017) Vertically extensive and unstable magmatic systems: a unified view of igneous processes. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag3055
Coote A, Shane P, Stirling C, Reid M (2018) The origin of plagioclase phenocrysts in basalts from continental monogenetic volcanoes of the Kaikohe-Bay of Islands field, New Zealand: implications for magmatic assembly and ascent. Contrib Miner Petrol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-018-1440-y
Costa F, Chakraborty S, Dohmen R (2003) Diffusion coupling between trace and major elements and a model for calculation of magma residence times using plagioclase. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:2189–2200
Davidson JP, Tepley FJ (1997) Recharge in volcanic systems: evidence from isotope profiles of phenocrysts. Science 275:826–829
Davidson JP, Tepley FJ III, Palacz Z, Main S (2001) Magma recharge, contamination and residence times revealed by in situ laser ablation isotopic analysis of feldspar in volcanic rocks. Earth Planet Sci Lett 182:427–442
Davidson JP, Morgan DJ, Charlier BL, Harlou R, Hora JM (2007) Microsampling and isotopic analysis of igneous rocks: implications for the study of magmatic systems. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 35:273–311
Dohmen R, Faak K, Blundy JD (2017) Chronometry and speedometry of magmatic processes using chemical diffusion in olivine, plagioclase and pyroxenes. Rev Miner Geochem 83:535–575
Dungan MA, Davidson JP (2004) Partial assimilative recycling of the mafic plutonic roots of arc volcanoes: an example from the Chilean Andes. Geology 32:773–776
Edmonds M, Cashman KV, Holness M, Jackson M (2019) Architecture and dynamics of magma reservoirs. Philos Trans R Soc A. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0298
Eichelberger JC, Izbekov PE, Browne BL (2006) Bulk chemical trends at arc volcanoes are not liquid lines of decent. Lithos 87:135–154
Gabrielsson RM, Kim J, Reid MR, Stirling CH, Numata M, Closs GP (2012) Does the trace element composition of brown trout Salmo trutta eggs remain unchanged in spawning redds? J Fish Bio 81:1871–1879
Gamble J, Woodhead J, Wright I, Smith I (1996) Basalt and sediment geochemistry and magma petrogenesis in a transect from Oceanic Island Arc to rifted continental margin Arc: the kermadec hikurangi margin, SW Pacific. J Petrol 37:1523–1546
Gamble JA, Wood CP, Price RC, Smith IEM, Stewart RB, Waight T (1999) A 50 year perspective of magmatic evolution on Ruapehu Volcano, New Zealand: verification of open system behaviour in an arc volcano. Earth Planet Sci Lett 170:301–314
Ginibre C, Davidson JP (2014) Sr isotope zoning in plagioclase from Parinacota Volcano (Northern Chile): quantifying magma mixing and crustal contamination. J Petrol 55:1203–1238
Ginibre C, Wörner G, Kronz A (2002) Minor- and trace-element zoning in plagioclase: implications for magma chamber processes at Parinacota volcano, northern Chile. Contrib Miner Petrol 143:300–315
Graham IJ (1987) Petrography and origin of metasedimentary xenoliths in lavas from Tongariro Volcanic Centre. N Z J Geol Geophys 30:139–157
Graham IJ, Hackett WR (1987) Petrology of calc-alkaline lavas from Ruapehu volcano and related vents, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. J Petrol 28:531–567
Graham IJ, Blattner P, McCulloch MT (1990) Meta-igneous granulite xenoliths fromMount Ruapehu, New Zealand: fragments of altered oceanic crust? Contrib Miner Petrol 105:650–661
Grapes R, Roser B, Kashai K (2001) Composition of monocrystalline detrital and authigenic minerals, metamorphic grade, and provenance of Torlesse and Waipapa greywacke, central North Island, New Zealand. Int Geol Rev 43:139–175
Greve A, Turner GM, Conway CE, Townsend DB, Gamble JA, Leonard GS (2016) Palaeomagnetic refinement of the eruption ages of Holocene lava flows, and implications for the eruptive history of the Tongariro Volcanic Centre, New Zealand. Geophys J Intern 207:702–718
Habfast K (1998) Fractionation correction and multiple collectors in thermal ionization isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Int J Mass Spectrom 176:133–148
Hackett WR, Houghton BF (1989) A facies model for a Quaternary andesitic composite volcano, Ruapehu, New Zealand. Bull Volcanol 51:51–68
Hart SR, Zindler A (1989) Isotope fractionation laws: a test using calcium. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Proc 89:287–301
Hildreth W, Moorbath S (1988) Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of central Chile. Contrib Miner Petrol 98:455–489
Hobden BJ (1997) Modelling magmatic trends in time and space: eruptive and magmatic history of Tongariro Volcanic Centre, New Zealand. PhD Dissertation. University of Canterbury, p 508
Hobden BJ, Houghton BF, Lanphere MA, Nairn IA (1996) Growth of the Tongariro volcanic centre: new evidence from K-Ar age determinations. NZ J Geol Geophys 39:151–154
Hobden BJ, Houghton BF, Davidson JP, Weaver SD (1999) Small and short lived magma batches at composite volcanoes: time windows at Tongariro volcano, New Zealand. J Geol Soc London 156:865–868
Humphreys MCS, Blundy JD, Sparks RSJ (2006) Magma evolution and open-system processes at Shiveluch Volcano: insights from phenocryst zoning. J Petrol 47:2303–2334
Kent AJR (2013) Preferential eruption of andesitic magma: implications for volcanic magma fluxes at convergent margins. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 385:257–280
Kent AJR, Darr C, Koleszar AM, Salisbury MJ, Cooper KM (2010) Preferential eruption of andesitic magmas through recharge filtering. Nat Geosci 3:631–636
Kohut EJ, Nielsen RL (2003) Low-pressure phase equilibria of anhydrous anorthite bearing mafic magmas. Geochem Geophys Geosyst. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000451
Lundgaard KL, Tegner C (2004) Partitioning of ferric and ferrous iron between plagioclase and silicate melt. Contrib Miner Petrol 147:470–483
Martel C, Radadi A, Poussineau S, Gourgaud A, Pichavant M (2006) Basalt-inherited microlites in silicic magmas: evidence from Mount Pelée (Martinique, French West Indies). Geology 34:905–908
Murphy MD, Sparks RS, Barclay J, Carroll MR, Bewer TS (2000) Remobilization of andesite magma by intrusion of mafic magma at the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat, West Indies. J Petrol 41:21–42
Nakamura M (1995) Continuous mixing of crystal mush and replenished magma in the ongoing Unzen eruption. Geology 23:807–810
Nelson ST, Montana A (1992) Sieve-textured plagioclase in volcanic-rocks produced by rapid decompression. Am Mineral 77:1242–1249
Pallister JS, Hoblett RP, Reyes AG (1991) A basaltic trigger for the 1991 eruptions of Pinatubo volcano. Nature 356:426–428
Panjasawatwong Y, Danyushevsky LV, Crawford AJ, Harris KL (1995) An experimental study of the effects of melt composition on plagioclase—melt equilibria at 5 and 10 kbar: implications for the origin of magmatic high-An plagioclase. Contrib Miner Petrol 118:420–432
Price RC, Turner S, Cook C, Hoden H, Smith IEM, Gamble JA, Handley H, Mass R, Mobis A (2010) Crustal and mantle influences and U-Th–Ra disequilibrium in andesitic lavas of Ngauruhoe volcano, New Zealand. Chem Geol 277:355–373
Price RC, Gamble JA, Smith IEM, Maas R, Waight T, Stewart RB, Woodhead J (2012) The anatomy of an andesite volcano: a time-stratigraphic study of andesite petrogenesis and crustal evolution at Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand. J Petrol 53:2139–2189
Price RC, Mortimer N, Smith IEM, Maas R (2015) Whole-rock geochemical reference data for Torlesse and Waipapa terranes, North Island, New Zealand. NZ J Geol Geophys 58(3):213–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2015.1026832
Ramos FC, Tepley FJ (2008) Inter- and intracrystalline isotope disequilibria: techniques and application. Rev Miner Geochem 69:403–443
Reubi O, Blundy J (2009) A dearth of intermediate melts at subduction zone volcanoes and the petrogenesis of arc andesites. Nature 461:1269–1273
Scanlan EJ, Scott JM, Wilson VJ, Stirling CH, Reid MR, Le Roux PJ (2018) In-situ 87Sr/86Sr of scheelite and calcite reveals proximal and distal fluid-rock interaction during orogenic W-Au mineralization, Otago Schist, New Zealand. Econ Geol 113:1571–1586
Scott BJ, Potter SH (2014) Aspects of historical eruptive activity and volcanic unrest at Mt. Tongariro, New Zealand: 1846–2013. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 286:263–276
Shane P, Maas R, Lindsay J (2017) History of Red Crater volcano, Tongariro Volcanic Centre (New Zealand): abrupt shift in magmatism following recharge and contrasting evolution between neighboring volcanoes. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 340:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.04.008
Sisson TW, Grove TL (1993) Experimental investigations of the role of H2O in calc-alkaline differentiation and subduction zone magmatism. Contrib Miner Petrol 113:143–166
Stern TA, Stratford WR, Salmon ML (2006) Subduction evolution and mantle dynamics at a continental margin, central North Island. Rev Geophys, New Zealand. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG00017
Streck MJ, Dungan MA, Bussy F, Malavassi E (2002) Mineral inventory of continuously erupting basaltic andesites at Arenal volcano. Costa Rica: implications for interpreting monotonous, crystal-rich, mafic arc stratigraphies. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 140:133–155
Tait S, Jaupert C, Vergniolle S (1989) Pressure, gas content and eruption periodicity of a shallow, crystallizing magma chamber. Earth Planet Sci Lett 92:107–123
Tepley FJ, Davidson JP, Tilling RI, Arth JG (2000) Magma mixing, recharge and eruption histories recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts from El Chichon Volcano, Mexico. J Petrol 41:1397–1411
Tollan PME, Bindeman I, Blundy JD (2012) Cumulate xenoliths from St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles Island Arc: a window into upper crustal differentiation of mantle-derived basalts. Contrib Miner Petrol 163:189–208
Townsend DB, Leonard GS, Conway SR, Eaves SR, Wilson CJN (2017) Geology of the Tongariro National Park area. Lower Hutt (New Zealand): GNS Science. 1 map sheet, 109 pp. GNS Science geological map 4, ISNB 978-1-98-853030-7
Tsuchiyama A (1985) Dissolution kinetics of plagioclase in the melt of the system diopside-albite-anorthite, and origin of dusty plagioclase in andesites. Contrib Mineral Petrol 89:1–16
Acknowledgements
Ian Schipper is thanked for assistance in obtaining electron microprobe data. The Department of Conservation kindly issued permits for rock sampling. This work was partly funded by an internal grant from the School of Environment, University of Auckland, and a subcontract from a Massey University Natural Hazards Research Platform grant. Mirja Heinrich assisted in the drafting of Fig. 1. Comments from two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Othmar Müntener.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shane, P., Cocker, K., Coote, A. et al. The prevalence of plagioclase antecrysts and xenocrysts in andesite magma, exemplified by lavas of the Tongariro volcanic complex, New Zealand. Contrib Mineral Petrol 174, 89 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-019-1626-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-019-1626-y