Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Geochemical and petrological diversity of mafic magmas from Mount St. Helens

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Quaternary eruptive products in the Cascade arc include a variety of different basalt types. At Mount St. Helens (MSH), the most active volcano in the Cascades throughout the last 35 ka, three different mafic endmembers erupted at the end of the Castle Creek period (1900–1700 years B.P.): (1) high-field strength element (HFSE)-rich basalt enriched in K, Ti, P, and incompatible trace elements; (2) low-K olivine tholeiite (LKOT) with lower amounts of incompatible trace elements; and (3) calc-alkaline (arc-type) basaltic andesite with a typical subduction signature, i.e., enrichment in fluid-mobile large ion lithophile elements (LILE) relative to immobile high-field strength elements (HFSE). Each type has compositions projecting backwards to more primitive endmembers in the Cascades. Single units encompassing basaltic-to-basaltic andesitic compositions with intermediate trace-element abundances form two almost continuous trends towards basaltic andesite. These trends are interpreted to result from assimilation of pre-existing, more evolved, calc-alkaline material (and in one case mixing of different mafic magma types) during migration of the magmas through the crust. Most of the erupted basalts are porphyritic (10–30%) with an assemblage dominated by olivine and plagioclase and show disequilibrium textures preventing detailed reconstruction of mantle melting processes. Although typical hydrous arc basalt produced by flux melting in the mantle is absent in the eruptive products of MSH, arc-type basaltic andesite suggests its presence at depth. LKOT magmas are interpreted as decompression melts from the upper mantle, whereas HFSE-rich basalts are likely derived from the water-poor periphery of the main flux melting regime, potentially tapping a trace-element-enriched source. Primitive spinel compositions and whole-rock trace-element variations indicate at least two distinct, relatively fertile lherzolite sources for these two basalt types. Weak crustal zones associated with an old fracture system beneath MSH likely provide conduits for fast and isolated ascent of distinct batches of magma, bypassing the lower crustal mush zone. The eruption of the basalts through the upper crustal magma system and main edifice is consistent with an offset plumbing system suggested by geophysical data.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arai S (1994) Characterization of spinel peridotites by olivine-spinel compositional relationships: review and interpretation. Chem Geol 113(3–4):191–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacon CR (1990) Calc-alkaline, shoshonitic, and primitive tholeiitic lavas from monogenetic volcanoes near Crater Lake, Oregon. J Petrol 31(1):135–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacon RC, Hirschmann MM (1988) Mg/Mn partitioning as a test for equilibrium between coexisting Fe-Ti oxides. Am Mineral 73:57–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacon CR, Bruggman PE, Christiansen RL, Clynne MA, Donnelly-Nolan JM, Hildreth W (1997) Primitive magmas at five Cascades volcanic fields: melts from hot, heterogeneous sub-arc mantle. Can Mineral 35:397–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker MB, Grove TL, Price R (1994) Primitive basalts and andesites from the Mt. Shasta region, N. California: products of varying melt fraction and water content. Contrib Mineral Petrol 118(2):111–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballhaus C, Berry RF, Green DH (1990) Oxygen fugacity controls in the Earth’s upper mantle. Nature 348(6300):437–440

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartels KS, Kinzler RJ, Grove TL (1991) High pressure phase relations of primitive high-alumina basalts from Medicine Lake volcano, northern California. Contrib Mineral Petrol 108(3):253–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedrosian PA, Peacock JR, Bowles-Martinez E, Schultz A, Hill GJ (2018) Crustal inheritance and a top-down control on arc magmatism at Mount St. Helens. Nat Geosci 11:865–870

    Google Scholar 

  • Bindeman IN (2008) Oxygen isotopes in mantle and crustal magmas as revealed by single crystal analysis. Rev Mineral Geochem 69:445–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Blatter DL, Sisson TW, Hankins WB (2017) Voluminous arc dacites as amphibole reaction-boundary liquids. Contrib Mineral Petrol 172(5):27

    Google Scholar 

  • Blundy JD, Cashman KV (2005) Rapid decompression-driven crystallization recorded by melt inclusions from Mount St. Helens volcano. Geology 33(10):793–796

    Google Scholar 

  • Blundy JD, Cashman KV, Berlo K (2008) Evolving magma storage conditions beneath Mount St. Helens inferred from chemical variations in melt inclusions from the 1980–1986 and current (2004–2006) eruptions. In: Sherrod DR, Scott WE, Stauffer PH (eds) A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St Helens, 2004–2006, USGS Prof Pap 1750, pp 755–790

  • Borg LE, Clynne MA, Bullen TD (1997) The variable role of slab-derived fluids in the generation of a suite of primitive calc-alkaline lavas from the southernmost cascades, Calilornia. Can Mineral 35:425–452

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassidy M, Watt S, Talling P, Palmer M, Edmonds M, Jutzeler M, Wall-Palmer D, Manga M, Coussens M, Gernon T (2015) Rapid onset of mafic magmatism facilitated by volcanic edifice collapse. Geophys Res Lett 42(12):4778–4785

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiba H, Chacko T, Clayton RN, Goldsmith JR (1989) Oxygen isotope fractionations involving diopside, forsterite, magnetite, and calcite: application to geothermometry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53(11):2985–2995

    Google Scholar 

  • Claiborne LL, Miller CF, Flanagan DM, Clynne MA, Wooden JL (2010) Zircon reveals protracted magma storage and recycling beneath Mount St. Helens. Geology 38(11):1011–1014

    Google Scholar 

  • Clynne MA, Borg LE (1997) Olivine and chromian spinel in primitive calc-alkaline and tholeiitic lavas from the southernmost Cascade range, California: a reflection of relative fertility of the source. Can Mineral 35:453–472

    Google Scholar 

  • Clynne MA, Calvert AT, Wolfe EW, Evarts RC, Fleck RJ, Lanphere MA (2008) The Pleistocene eruptive history of Mount St. Helens, Washington, from 300,000 to 12,800 years before present. In: Sherrod DR, Scott WE, Stauffer PH (eds) A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St Helens, 2004–2006, USGS Prof Pap 1750, pp 593–627

  • Conrey RM, Sherrod DR, Hooper PR, Swanson DA (1997) Diverse primitive magmas in the Cascade arc, Northern Oregon and Southern Washington. Can Mineral 35(2):367–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Crandell DR (1987) Deposits of pre-1980 pyroclastic flows and lahars from Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington. USGS Prof Pap 1444

  • Dick HJB, Bullen T (1984) Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator in abyssal and alpine-type peridotites and spatially associated lavas. Contrib Mineral Petrol 86(1):54–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Dufek J, Bergantz GW (2005) Lower crustal magma genesis and preservation: a stochastic framework for the evaluation of basalt–crust interaction. J Petrol 46(11):2167–2195

    Google Scholar 

  • Eiler JM (2001) Oxygen isotope variations of basaltic lavas and upper mantle rocks. Rev Mineral Geochem 43(1):319–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Elkins-Tanton LT, Grove TL, Donnelly-Nolan J (2001) Hot, shallow mantle melting under the Cascades volcanic arc. Geology 29(7):631–634

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiske RS, Hopson CA, Waters AC (1963) Geology of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. USGS Prof Pap 444

  • Frost BR (1991) Introduction to oxygen fugacity and its petrologic importance. Rev Mineral Geochem 25(1):1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner JE, Carey S, Rutherford MJ, Sigurdsson H (1995a) Petrologic diversity in Mount St. Helens dacites during the last 4,000 years: implications for magma mixing. Contrib Mineral Petrol 119:224–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner JE, Rutherford M, Carey S, Sigurdsson H (1995b) Experimental constraints on pre-eruptive water contents and changing magma storage prior to explosive eruptions of Mount St Helens volcano. Bull Volcanol 57(1):1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill JB (1981) Orogenic andesites and plate tectonics. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Grove T, Parman S, Bowring S, Price R, Baker M (2002) The role of an H2O-rich fluid component in the generation of primitive basaltic andesites and andesites from the Mt. Shasta region, N California. Contrib Mineral Petrol 142(4):375–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillong M, Meier D, Allan M, Heinrich C, Yardley B (2008) SILLS: A MATLAB-based program for the reduction of laser ablation ICP-MS data of homogeneous materials and inclusions. Mineral Assoc Can Short Course 40:328–333

    Google Scholar 

  • Halliday AN, Fallick AE, Dickin AP, Mackenzie AB, Stephens WE, Hildreth W (1983) The isotopic and chemical evolution of Mount St. Helens. Earth Planet Sci Lett 63(2):241–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen S, Schmandt B, Levander A, Kiser E, Vidale J, Abers G, Creager K (2016) Seismic evidence for a cold serpentinized mantle wedge beneath Mount St Helens. Nat Comm 7:13242

    Google Scholar 

  • Hildreth WS (2007) Quaternary magmatism in the Cascades: Geological perspectives. USGS Prof Pap 1744

  • Hildreth WS, Fierstein J (1997) Recent eruptions of Mount Adams, Washington Cascades, USA. Bull Volcanol 58(6):472–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopson CA, Melson WG (1990) Compositional trends and eruptive cycles at Mount St. Helens Geosci Can 17:131–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Irvine TN, Baragar WRA (1971) A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Can J Earth Sci 8(5):523–548

    Google Scholar 

  • Jicha BR, Hart GL, Johnson CM, Hildreth W, Beard BL, Shirey SB, Valley JW (2009) Isotopic and trace element constraints on the petrogenesis of lavas from the Mount Adams volcanic field, Washington. Contrib Mineral Petrol 157(2):189–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlstrom L, Dufek J, Manga M (2009) Organization of volcanic plumbing through magmatic lensing by magma chambers and volcanic loads. J Geophys Res 114:B10204

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelemen PB, Hirth G, Shimizu N, Spiegelman M, Dick HJ (1997) A review of melt migration processes in the adiabatically upwelling mantle beneath oceanic spreading ridges. Phil Trans R Soc Math Phys Eng Sci 355(1723):283–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Kent AJR, Darr C, Koleszar AM, Salisbury MJ, Cooper KM (2010) Preferential eruption of andesitic magmas through recharge filtering. Nat Geosci 3(9):631–636

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinzler RJ, Donnelly-Nolan JM, Grove TL (2000) Late Holocene hydrous mafic magmatism at the Paint Pot Crater and Callahan flows, Medicine Lake Volcano, N. California and the influence of H2O in the generation of silicic magmas. Contrib Mineral Petrol 138(1):1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiser E, Palomeras I, Levander A, Zelt C, Harder S, Schmandt B, Hansen S, Creager K, Ulberg C (2016) Magma reservoirs from the upper crust to the Moho inferred from high-resolution Vp and Vs models beneath Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA. Geology 44(6):411–414

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiser E, Levander A, Zelt C, Schmandt B, Hansen S (2018) Focusing of melt near the top of the Mount St. Helens (USA) magma reservoir and its relationship to major volcanic eruptions. Geology 46(9):775–778

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen LM, Pedersen AK (2000) Processes in high-Mg, high-T magmas: evidence from olivine, chromite and glass in Palaeogene picrites from West Greenland. J Petrol 41(7):1071–1098

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Bas MJ, Le Maitre RW, Streckeisen A, Zanettin B, Rocks ISotSoI (1986) A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram. J Petrol 27(3):745–750

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Voyer M, Rose-Koga EF, Shimizu N, Grove TL, Schiano P (2010) Two contrasting H2O-rich components in primary melt inclusions from Mount Shasta. J Petrol 51(7):1571–1595

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeman WP, Smith DR (2018) The role of magma mixing, identification of mafic magma inputs, and structure of the underlying magmatic system at Mount St. Helens. Am Mineral 103(12):1925–1944

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeman WP, Smith DR, Hildreth W, Palacz Z, Rogers N (1990) Compositional diversity of Late Cenozoic basalts in a transect across the southern Washington Cascades: implications for subduction zone magmatism. J Geophys Res 95(B12):19561–19582

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeman WP, Tonarini S, Chan LH, Borg LE (2004) Boron and lithium isotopic variations in a hot subduction zone—the southern Washington Cascades. Chem Geol 212(1):101–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeman WP, Lewis JF, Evarts RC, Conrey RM, Streck MJ (2005) Petrologic constraints on the thermal structure of the Cascades arc. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 140(1–3):67–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin-Short R, Allen RM (2013) Mantle flow geometry through the segmented Juan de Fuca plate. Berkeley Seismological Laboratory

  • Maurel C, Maurel P (1982) Etude experimentale de l’equilibre Fe2+–Fe3+ dans les spinelles chromiferes et les liquides silicates basiques coexistants a 1 atm. CR Acad Sci Paris 285:209–215

    Google Scholar 

  • McCrory PA, Blair JL, Waldhauser F, Oppenheimer DH (2012) Juan de Fuca slab geometry and its relation to Wadati-Benioff zone seismicity. J Geophys Res [Solid Earth] 117:B09306

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyashiro A (1974) Volcanic rock series in island arcs and active continental margins. Am J Sci 274:321–355

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore NE, DeBari SM (2012) Mafic magmas from Mount Baker in the northern Cascade arc, Washington: probes into mantle and crustal processes. Contrib Mineral Petrol 163(3):521–546

    Google Scholar 

  • Muffler L, Clynne M, Calvert A, Champion D (2011) Diverse, discrete, mantle-derived batches of basalt erupted along a short normal fault zone: The Poison Lake chain, southernmost Cascades. Geol Soc Am Bull 123:2177–2200

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullen EK, McCallum IS (2014) Origin of basalts in a hot subduction setting: petrological and geochemical insights from Mt. Baker, Northern Cascade Arc. J Petrol 55(2):241–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullen EK, Weis D, Marsh NB, Martindale M (2017) Primitive arc magma diversity: New geochemical insights in the Cascade Arc. Chem Geol 448:43–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullineaux DR (1996) Pre-1980 tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St Helens, Washington. USGS Prof Pap 1563

  • Pallister JS, Hoblitt RP, Crandell DR, Mullineaux DR (1992) Mount St. Helens a decade after the 1980 eruptions: magmatic models, chemical cycles, and a revised hazards assessment. Bull Volcanol 54(2):126–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Pallister JS, Thornber CR, Cashman KV, Clynne MA, Lowers HA, Mandeville CW, Brownfield IK, Meeker GP (2008) Petrology of the 2004–2006 Mount St. Helens lava dome-implications for magmatic plumbing and eruption triggering. In: Sherrod DR, Scott WE, Stauffer PH (eds) A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St Helens, 2004–2006, USGS Prof Pap 1750, pp 647–702

  • Pallister JS, Clynne MA, Wright HM, Van Eaton AR, Vallance JW, Sherrod DR, Kokelaar BP (2017) Field-trip guide to Mount St. Helens, Washington-An overview of the eruptive history and petrology, tephra deposits, 1980 pyroclastic density current deposits, and the crater. USGS Sci Inv Rep 2917-5022-D

  • Parsons T, Wells RE, Fisher MA, Flueh E, ten Brink US (1999) Three-dimensional velocity structure of Siletzia and other accreted terranes in the Cascadia forearc of Washington. J Geophys Res [Solid Earth] 104(B8):18015–18039

    Google Scholar 

  • PetDB (2015) Petrological database of the ocean foor. http://www.earthchem.org/petdb. Accessed July 2015

  • Pin C, Briot D, Bassin C, Poitrasson F (1994) Concomitant separation of strontium and samarium-neodymium for isotopic analysis in silicate samples, based on specific extraction chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 298(2):209–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Putirka KD (2005) Igneous thermometers and barometers based on plagioclase + liquid equilibria: Tests of some existing models and new calibrations. Am Mineral 90:336–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Putirka K (2008) Thermometers and barometers for volcanic systems. Rev Mineral Geochem 69:61–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Rea J, Wallace PJ, Clynne MA (2012) Pre-eruptive volatile content of mafic magma from the 2.0-1.7 ka Castle Creek eruptive period, Mount St. Helens. In: AGU Fall Meeting 2012 Abstracts, abstract no. V53C-2853

  • Reiners PW, Hammond PE, McKenna JM, Duncan RA (2000) Young basalts of the central Washington Cascades, flux melting of the mantle, and trace element signatures of primary arc magmas. Contrib Mineral Petrol 138(3):249–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose EF, Shimizu N, Layne GD, Grove TL (2001) Melt production beneath Mt. Shasta from boron data in primitive melt inclusions. Science 293(5528):281–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe MC, Kent AJ, Nielsen RL (2009) Subduction influence on oxygen fugacity and trace and volatile elements in basalts across the Cascade Volcanic Arc. J Petrol 50(1):61–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruscitto D, Wallace P, Johnson E, Kent A, Bindeman I (2010) Volatile contents of mafic magmas from cinder cones in the Central Oregon High Cascades: Implications for magma formation and mantle conditions in a hot arc. Earth Planet Sci Lett 298(1):153–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Sas M, Debari SM, Clynne MA, Rusk BG (2017) Using mineral geochemistry to decipher slab, mantle, and crustal input in the generation of high-Mg andesites and basaltic andesites from the northern Cascade Arc. Am Mineral 102(5):948–965

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauerzapf U, Lattard D, Burchard M, Engelmann R (2008) The titanomagnetite–Ilmenite equilibrium: new experimental data and thermo-oxybarometric application to the crystallization of basic to intermediate rocks. J Petrol 49(6):1161–1185

    Google Scholar 

  • Scandone R, Malone SD (1985) Magma supply, magma discharge and readjustment of the feeding system of Mount St. Helens during 1980. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 23(3–4):239–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmandt B, Humphreys E (2010) Complex subduction and small-scale convection revealed by body-wave tomography of the western United States upper mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 297(3):435–445

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt MW, Poli S (1998) Experimentally based water budgets for dehydrating slabs and consequences for arc magma generation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 163(1–4):361–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt ME, Grunder AL, Rowe MC (2008) Segmentation of the Cascade Arc as indicated by Sr and Nd isotopic variation among diverse primitive basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett 266(1):166–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott W, Gardner C, Sherrod D, Tilling R, Lanphere M, Conrey R (1997) Geologic history of Mount Hood Volcano, Oregon: a field-trip guidebook. USGS Open-File Rep 97–263

  • Sisson TW, Grove TL (1993) Experimental investigations of the role of H2O in calc-alkaline differentiation and subduction zone magmatism. Contrib Mineral Petrol 113(2):143–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Sisson TW, Layne GD (1993) H2O in basalt and basaltic andesite glass inclusions from four subduction-related volcanoes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 117(3):619–635

    Google Scholar 

  • Sisson TW, Salters VJM, Larson PB (2014) Petrogenesis of Mount Rainier andesite: Magma flux and geologic controls on the contrasting differentiation styles at stratovolcanoes of the southern Washington Cascades. Geol Soc Am Bull 126(1–2):122–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith DR (1984) The petrology and geochemistry of High Cascade Volcanics in Southern Washington: Mount St. Helens Volcano and the Indian Heaven basalt field. Rice University

  • Smith DR, Leeman WP (1993) The origin of Mount St. Helens andesites. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 55(3–4):271–303

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith DR, Leeman WP (2005) Chromian spinel–olivine phase chemistry and the origin of primitive basalts of the southern Washington Cascades. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 140(1–3):49–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiegelman M, Kelemen PB (2003) Extreme chemical variability as a consequence of channelized melt transport. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 4(7):7

    Google Scholar 

  • Streck MJ, Leeman WP (2018) Petrology of “Mt. Shasta” high-magnesian andesite (HMA): a product of multi-stage crustal assembly. Am Mineral 103(2):216–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. Geol Soc Spec Pub 42:313–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Walowski KJ, Wallace PJ, Clynne MA, Rasmussen DJ, Weis D (2016) Slab melting and magma formation beneath the southern Cascade arc. Earth Planet Sci Lett 446:100–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan Z, Coogan LA, Canil D (2008) Experimental calibration of aluminum partitioning between olivine and spinel as a geothermometer. Am Mineral 93(7):1142–1147

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver CS, Grant WC, Shemeta JE (1987) Local crustal extension at Mount St. Helens, Washington. J Geophys Res 92(B10):10170–10178

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells RE, Weaver CS, Blakely RJ (1998) Fore-arc migration in Cascadia and its neotectonic significance. Geology 26(8):759–762

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells R, Bukry D, Friedman R, Pyle D, Duncan R, Haeussler P, Wooden J (2014) Geologic history of Siletzia, a large igneous province in the Oregon and Washington Coast Range: correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale and implications for a long-lived Yellowstone hotspot. Geosphere 10(4):692–719

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams DA, Kadel SD, Greeley R, Lesher CM, Clynne MA (2004) Erosion by flowing lava: geochemical evidence in the Cave Basalt, Mount St. Helens, Washington. Bull Volcanol 66(2):168–181

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Lydia Zehnder, Marcel Guillong and Markus Waelle for laboratory assistance during XRF and laser analyses. We appreciate constructive comments from Ben Ellis, Jon Blundy, Sue DeBari, Bill Leeman, Othmar Müntener, and an anonymous reviewer on earlier versions of this manuscript that helped clarify our ideas. This project has been supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grant 200021_146268. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland

    Maren Wanke, Albrecht von Quadt & Olivier Bachmann

  2. U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Science Center, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA

    Michael A. Clynne

  3. Institut des Dynamiques de la Surface Terrestre, Université de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Torsten W. Vennemann

Authors
  1. Maren Wanke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael A. Clynne
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Albrecht von Quadt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Torsten W. Vennemann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Olivier Bachmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maren Wanke.

Additional information

Communicated by Othmar Müntener.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wanke, M., Clynne, M.A., von Quadt, A. et al. Geochemical and petrological diversity of mafic magmas from Mount St. Helens. Contrib Mineral Petrol 174, 10 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-018-1544-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-018-1544-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation