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Petrology and geochemistry of the Mesoproterozoic Vattikod lamproites, Eastern Dharwar Craton, southern India: evidence for multiple enrichment of sub-continental lithospheric mantle and links with amalgamation and break-up of the Columbia supercontinent

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Abstract

Numerous lamproite dykes are hosted by the Eastern Dharwar Craton, southern India, particularly towards the northwestern margin of the Cuddapah Basin. We present here a comprehensive mineralogical and geochemical (including Sr and Nd isotopic) study on the lamproites from the Vattikod Field, exposed in the vicinity of the well-studied Ramadugu lamproite field. The Vattikod lamproites trend WNW–ESE to NW–SE and reveal effects of low-temperature post-magmatic alteration. The studied lamproites show porphyritic texture with carbonated and serpentinized olivine, diopside, fluorine-rich phlogopite, amphibole, apatite, chromite, allanite, and calcite. The trace-element geochemistry (elevated Sr and HFSE) reveals their mixed affinity to orogenic as well as anorogenic lamproites. Higher fluorine content of the hydrous phases coupled with higher whole-rock K2O highlights the role of metasomatic phlogopite and apatite in the mantle source regions. Trace-element ratios such as Zr/Hf and Ti/Eu reveal carbonate metasomatism of mantle previously enriched by ancient subduction processes. The initial 87Sr/86Sr-isotopic ratios (calculated for an assumed emplacement age of 1350 Ma) vary from 0.7037 to 0.7087 and ɛNd range from − 10.6 to − 9.3, consistent with data on global lamproites and ultrapotassic rocks. We attribute the mixed orogenic–anorogenic character for the lamproites under study to multi-stage metasomatism. We relate the (1) earlier subduction-related enrichment to the Paleoproterozoic amalgamation of the Columbia supercontinent and the (2) second episode of carbonate metasomatism to the Mesoproterozoic rift-related asthenospheric upwelling associated with the Columbia breakup. This study highlights the association of lamproites with supercontinent amalgamation and fragmentation in the Earth history.

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Acknowledgements

The Head, Department of Geology, BHU, Varanasi is thanked for extending the facilities. DST-SERB, New Delhi is thanked for sanctioning a major research project (IR/S4/ESF-18/2011 dated 12.11.2013) to NVCR for understanding mantle evolution beneath the Indian Shield. DP thanks DST-SERB for financial assistance in the form of a research scientist. CSIR is acknowledged for awarding JRF to DT and SPMF to AP. Dan McKenzie (Cambridge, UK) is thanked for extending his help in carrying out inversion modeling. The two journal reviewers Sebastian Tappe and Dejan Prelević together with Editor-in-chief Othmar Müntener are sincerely thanked for invaluable suggestions which considerably improved the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. EPMA Laboratory, Department of Geology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Debojit Talukdar, Ashutosh Pandey, N. V. Chalapathi Rao, Alok Kumar & Dinesh Pandit

  2. Karpinsky Geological Institute (VSEGEI), Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia

    B. Belyatsky

  3. Mineral Resources, Technical University of Clausthal, 38678, Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany

    B. Lehmann

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  1. Debojit Talukdar
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  3. N. V. Chalapathi Rao
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Correspondence to N. V. Chalapathi Rao.

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Communicated by Othmar Müntener.

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410_2018_1493_MOESM4_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 1 Additional photomicrographs showing the mineral phases in VLF restricted to the groundmass. a Clustering of phlogopite giving rise to glomerophyric texture; b Allanite in the groundmass (TIF 22684 KB)

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Talukdar, D., Pandey, A., Chalapathi Rao, N.V. et al. Petrology and geochemistry of the Mesoproterozoic Vattikod lamproites, Eastern Dharwar Craton, southern India: evidence for multiple enrichment of sub-continental lithospheric mantle and links with amalgamation and break-up of the Columbia supercontinent. Contrib Mineral Petrol 173, 67 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-018-1493-y

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