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“Fingerprinting” tectono-magmatic provenance using trace elements in igneous zircon

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Abstract

Over 5300 recent SHRIMP-RG analyses of trace elements (TE) in igneous zircon have been compiled and classified based on their original tectono-magmatic setting to empirically evaluate “geochemical fingerprints” unique to those settings. Immobile element geochemical fingerprints used for lavas are applied with the same rational to zircon, including consideration of mineral competition on zircon TE ratios, and new criteria for distinguishing mid-ocean ridge (MOR), magmatic arc, and ocean island (and other plume-influenced) settings are proposed. The elemental ratios in zircon effective for fingerprinting tectono-magmatic provenance are systematically related to lava composition from equivalent settings. Existing discrimination diagrams using zircon U/Yb versus Hf or Y do not distinguish TE-enriched ocean island settings (i.e., Iceland, Hawaii) from magmatic arc settings. However, bivariate diagrams with combined cation ratios involving U–Nb–Sc–Yb–Gd–Ce provide a more complete distinction of zircon from these settings. On diagrams of U/Yb versus Nb/Yb, most MOR, ocean island, and kimberlite zircon define a broad “mantle-zircon array”; arc zircon defines a parallel array offset to higher U/Yb. Distinctly low U/Yb ratios of MOR zircon (typically <0.1) mirror their parental magmas and long-term incompatible element depletion of the MORB mantle. Plume-influenced sources are distinguished from MOR by higher U/Yb, U/Nb, Nb/Yb, and Nb/Sc. For zircon with U/Yb > 0.1, high Sc/Yb separates arc settings from low-Sc/Yb plume-influenced sources. The slope of scandium enrichment trends in zircon differ between MOR and continental arc settings, likely reflecting the involvement of amphibole during melt differentiation. Scandium is thus also critical for discriminating provenance, but its behavior in zircon probably reflects contrasting melt fractionation trends between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline systems more than compositional differences in primitive magmas sourced at each tectono-magmatic source.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Division of Petrology and Volcanology, Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution for access to samples from the Oman ophiolite, from the collection of Debra Stakes. This research also used samples provided by the ODP and IODP. We thank the captains and crews the JOIDES Resolution, R/V Atlantis, and DSRV Alvin and Jason on the MARVEL2000 cruise, the Knorr Cruise 180-2 along with shipboard parties on ODP Legs 176, 209, and IODP Exp. 304/305. Compiled analyses were partly funded through support from the Dept. of Geosciences, Mississippi State University and NSF-EAR 1305609 (Grimes), and NSF OCE Grants 0960251, 0752558, 0352054 and 055046 (Cheadle and John). Discussions with Matt Coble about SHRIMP methodology and trace element characterization was greatly appreciated, and we are thankful for his supportive efforts to document the SHRIMP zircon TiTE method. Brad Ito is thanked for his many years of keeping the SHRIMP-RG capable of running 24/7 and producing high-quality data. Frank Mazdab is acknowledged for his interest in mineral trace element compositions and his desire to see how many elements he could measure with the SHRIMP-RG. His skill at producing doped synthetic zircons and calibrating their compositions led to the compositional characterization of standards CZ3 and MAD zircon. Jorge Vazquez is acknowledged for providing zircon geochemistry from Hualalai, Hawaii and many helpful discussions that improved this manuscript. Wayne Premo and Doug Morton provided the zircon samples and accompanying geochemistry for the Peninsular Range zircon that were such a valuable resource for this paper for characterizing a marginal continental arc. Jon Blundy is acknowledged for rock samples used from the southern Adamello Batholith (Italy). Andy Barth has attempted to educate Wooden for three decades about Mesozoic magmatism in the western USA and provided innumerable samples and co-generated zircon TE data (published and unpublished) that contributed significantly to the work presented here. Barth and Ken Tani are also thanked for discussions regarding zircon data from the Izu-Bonin-Mariana island arc system. Calvin Miller and his students at Vanderbilt, esp. Tamara Carley, are thanked for many years of cooperative work that also generated important databases utilized in this work. We thank the many guest workers of the SUMAC facility on which zircon TE was collected and the resultant subsequent scientific discussions which have contributed directly and indirectly to this paper. Wooden thanks the US Geological Survey for its support of the SHRIMP-RG facility and its USGS personnel often during difficult times for the organization. The facility would not have achieved its many accomplishments and sustained productivity without this stabilizing support. Comments from two anonymous reviewers were appreciated and helped improve this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA

    C. B. Grimes

  2. SHRIMP Lab, US Geological Survey-Stanford University, Green Earth Sciences Building, 367 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    J. L. Wooden

  3. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA

    M. J. Cheadle & B. E. John

Authors
  1. C. B. Grimes
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  2. J. L. Wooden
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  3. M. J. Cheadle
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  4. B. E. John
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Correspondence to C. B. Grimes.

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Communicated by Steven Reddy.

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Grimes, C.B., Wooden, J.L., Cheadle, M.J. et al. “Fingerprinting” tectono-magmatic provenance using trace elements in igneous zircon. Contrib Mineral Petrol 170, 46 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-015-1199-3

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