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The impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on placental abruption risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the associations between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain and placental abruption.

Methods

Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and CINAHL. Unpublished findings from analyses of linked population-based data sets from Western Australia (2012–2015, n = 114,792) were also included. Studies evaluating pre-pregnancy body mass index and/or gestational weight gain and placental abruption were included. Two independent reviewers evaluated studies for inclusion and quality. Data including odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and analysed by random effects meta-analysis.

Results

21 studies were included, of which 15 were eligible for meta-analyses. The summary ORs for the association of being underweight, overweight and obese, and placental abruption, compared to normal weight women, were 1.4 (95% CI 1.1, 1.7), 0.8 (95% CI 0.8, 0.9) and 0.8 (95% CI 0.7, 0.9), respectively. These findings remained unchanged when each study was eliminated from the analysis and in subgroup analyses. Although data were scarce, women with gestational weight gain below the Institute of Medicine recommendations appeared to be at greater risk of abruption compared with women who had optimal weight gain.

Conclusions

Mothers that are underweight prior to or in early pregnancy are at a moderately increased risk of placental abruption.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the Data Linkage Branch (Western Australian Government Department of Health), the Midwives’ Notification System and the Hospital Morbidity Data Collection for providing data for this project.

Funding

This research was supported by funding from an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Project Grant (APP1127265) which funded AAA, CCJS, FJL and HDB. BMF is also funded by an NHRMC Project Grant (APP1098844). The funding bodies had no part in either the study design, conduct, analysis or interpretation of this study nor the decision to submit this study for publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, P.O. Box 855, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia

    Akilew A. Adane, Carrington C. J. Shepherd, Faye J. Lim, Brad M. Farrant & Helen D. Bailey

  2. Ngangk Yira Aboriginal Health and Social Equity Research Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia

    Carrington C. J. Shepherd

  3. Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M550), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Scott W. White

  4. Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia

    Scott W. White

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  1. Akilew A. Adane
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Contributions

AAA, HDB, CCJS and FJL designed and conceptualised the study. AAA performed the database searches, data extraction, evaluation and analyses and drafted the manuscript. HDB participated in data extraction, evaluation and analyses. HDB, CCJS, BMF, FJL and SWW critically revised the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to Akilew A. Adane.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

For the review part, ethics approval was not required. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the WA Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee (project 797) and the WA Department of Health Human Research Ethics Committee (project 2016/51) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Adane, A.A., Shepherd, C.C.J., Lim, F.J. et al. The impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on placental abruption risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 300, 1201–1210 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05320-8

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