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Endometrial cancer arising in adenomyosis versus endometrial cancer coexisting with adenomyosis: are these two different entities?

  • Gynecologic Oncology
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Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

While adenomyosis is one of the most common benign histologic findings in hysterectomy specimens of endometrial cancer, demographics of endometrial cancer arising in adenomyosis (EC-AIA) has not been well elucidated. The aim of this study is to evaluate histopathological findings and disease-free survival (DFS) of EC-AIA in comparison to endometrial cancer coexisting with adenomyosis (EC-A).

Methods

EC-AIA cases were identified via a systematic literature search (n = 46). EC-A cases were identified from a historical cohort that underwent hysterectomy-based surgical staging in two institutions (n = 350). Statistical comparisons of the two groups were based on univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

The EC-AIA group was significantly older than the EC-A group (58.9 versus 53.8, p = 0.002). As to tumor characteristics, 63.6% of EC-AIA cases reported tumor within the myometrium without endometrial extension. The EC-AIA group was significantly associated with more non-endometrioid histology (23.9 versus 14.8%; p = 0.002) and deep myometrial tumor invasion (51.6 versus 19.4%; p < 0.001) than EC-A. Tumor grade, stage, and nodal metastasis risk were similar (all, p > 0.05). In a univariate analysis, the EC-AIA group had a significantly decreased DFS compared to EC-A (5-year rates, 72.2 versus 85.5%, p = 0.001). After controlling for age, histology, tumor grade, and stage, EC-AIA remained an independent prognostic factor associated with decreased DFS compared to EC-A (adjusted-hazard ratio 2.87, 95% confidence interval 1.44–5.70, p = 0.031).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that EC-AIA has distinct tumor characteristics and a poorer survival outcome compared to EC-A. This suggests a benefit of recognition of this unique entity as an aggressive variant of endometrial cancer.

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Acknowledgements

The study was supported by the Ensign Endowment for Gynecologic Cancer Research (K.M.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles County Medical Center, University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, IRD 520, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA

    Hiroko Machida, Sigita S. Cahoon, Jocelyn Garcia-Sayre, Lynda D. Roman & Koji Matsuo

  2. Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Lynda D. Roman & Koji Matsuo

  3. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Christopher A. Scannell

  4. National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Midori Maeda

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  1. Hiroko Machida
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  2. Midori Maeda
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  3. Sigita S. Cahoon
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  4. Christopher A. Scannell
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  5. Jocelyn Garcia-Sayre
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  7. Koji Matsuo
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Contributions

KM: Protocol/project development, Data collection and data management, Data analysis, Manuscript writing and editing. HM: Project development, Data collection and data management, Data analysis, Manuscript writing and editing. MM, SC, CS, and JG: Protocol/project development, Manuscript writing and editing. LR: Protocol/project development, Manuscript editing.

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Correspondence to Koji Matsuo.

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Ensign Endowment for Gynecologic Cancer Research (K.M.).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All information in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Machida, H., Maeda, M., Cahoon, S.S. et al. Endometrial cancer arising in adenomyosis versus endometrial cancer coexisting with adenomyosis: are these two different entities?. Arch Gynecol Obstet 295, 1459–1468 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-017-4375-z

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