Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Serum levels of neopterin in gestational diabetes mellitus: the relationship with Apgar scores

  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Published:
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

This study was designed to evaluate neopterin levels and low Apgar scores in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) vs. normal control pregnancies.

Methods

We carried out a cross-sectional study by enrolling 81 pregnant women with GDM and 38 pregnant women without GDM.

Results

Maternal and cord blood neopterin levels were higher in women with GDM. There was a significant positive association between fasting blood glucose levels and maternal serum neopterin levels. The results of 50-g oral glucose challenge tests revealed a correlation between maternal and cord neopterin levels. Pregnancies complicated by GDM exhibited lower fetal Apgar scores than those of control subjects. The levels of cord blood neopterin were inversely correlated with an fetal Apgar score of 1 min in patients with GDM.

Conclusions

Patients with GDM had higher maternal and cord blood neopterin levels, and the cord blood neopterin levels are inversely associated with lower Apgar scores in women with GDM. The neopterin levels might be potential predictors of low fetal Apgar scores in women with GDM.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Practice Bulletins–Obstetrics (2001) ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Number 30, September 2001 (replaces Technical Bulletin Number 200, December 1994). Gestational diabetes. Obstet Gynecol 98:525–538

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hanna FW, Peters JR, Harlow J, Jones PW (2008) Gestational diabetes screening and glycaemic management; national survey on behalf of the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists. QJM 101:777–784. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcn069

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bennett WA, Lagoo-Deenadayalan S, Brackin MN, Hale E, Cowan BD (1996) Cytokine expression by models of human trophoblast as assessed by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction technique. Am J Reprod Immunol 36:285–294

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Darmochwal-Kolarz D, Leszczynska-Gorzelak B, Rolinski J, Oleszczuk J (1999) T helper 1- and T helper 2-type cytokine imbalance in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 86:165–170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Peltier MR (2003) Immunology of term and preterm labor. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 1:122

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Yu F, Xue YM, Li CZ, Shen J, Gao F, Yu YH, Fu XJ (2007) Association of serum interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels with insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 27:799–801 (Abstract)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Altinova AE, Toruner F, Bozkurt N, Bukan N, Karakoc A, Yetkin I, Ayvaz G, Cakir N, Arslan M (2007) Circulating concentrations of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in gestational diabetes mellitus. Gynecol Endocrinol 23:161–165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Weiss MF, Rodby RA, Justice AC, Hricik DE (1998) Free pentosidine and neopterin as markers of progression rate in diabetic nephropathy. Collaborative Study Group. Kidney Int 54:193–202

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Vengen IT, Dale AC, Wiseth R, Midthjell K, Videm V (2009) Neopterin predicts the risk for fatal ischemic heart disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: long-term follow-up of the HUNT 1 study. Atherosclerosis 207:239–244. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Grammer TB, Fuchs D, Boehm BO, Winkelmann BR, Maerz W (2009) Neopterin as a predictor of total and cardiovascular mortality in individuals undergoing angiography in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study. Clin Chem 55:1135–1146. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.118844

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Brown GM (1971) The biosynthesis of pteridines. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol 35:35–77

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fuchs D, Weiss G, Reibnegger G, Wachter H (1992) The role of neopterin as a monitor of cellular immune activation in transplantation, inflammatory, infectious, and malignant diseases. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1992 29:307–341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Fuchs D, Avanzas P, Arroyo-Espliguero R, Jenny M, Consuegra-Sanchez L, Kaski JC (2009) The role of neopterin in atherogenesis and cardiovascular risk assessment. Curr Med Chem 16:4644–4653

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ainbender E, Cabatu EE, Guzman DM, Sweet AY (1982) Serum C-reactive protein and problems of newborn infants. J Pediatr 101:438–440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Dyck RF, Bingham W, Tan L, Rogers SL (1984) Serum levels of C-reactive protein in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 23:381–383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mwanyumba F, Inion I, Gaillard P, Mandaliya K, Praet M, Temmerman M (2003) Placental inflammation and perinatal outcome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 108:164–170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Johns K, Olynik C, Mase R, Kreisman S, Tildesley H (2006) Gestational diabetes mellitus outcome in 394 patients. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 28:122–127

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Sugaya A, Sugiyama T, Nagata M, Toyoda N (2000) Comparison of the validity of the criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus by WHO and by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology by the outcomes of pregnancy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 50:57–63

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (2003) Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 26(Suppl 1):S5–20

    Google Scholar 

  20. Metzger BE, Buchanan TA, Coustan, de Leiva A, Dunger DB, Hadden, Hod M, Kitzmiller JL, Kjos SL, Oats JN, Pettitt DJ, Sacks DA, Zoupas C (2007) Summary and recommendations of the Fifth International Workshop Conference on gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 30(Suppl 2):S251–S260. doi:10.2337/dc07-s225

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Alrashed M, Abougoush M, Akgul EO, Erbil MK (2002) Detection method of serum and urine neopterin levels by high performance liquid chromatography and clinical applications. Gulhane MJ 44:273–277 (Article in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Carr DB, Utzschneider KM, Hull RL, Tong J, Wallace TM, Kodama K, Shofer JB, Heckbert SR, Boyko EJ, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE (2006) Gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in women with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 29:2078–2083

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Räsänen J, Kirkinen P (1987) Growth and function of human foetal heart in normal, hypertensive and diabetic pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 66:349–353

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Chu C, Gui YH, Ren YY, Shi LY (2012) The impacts of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal hearts. Biomed Environ Sci 25:15–22. doi:10.3967/0895-3988.2012.01.003

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Richardson AC, Carpenter MW (2007) Inflammatory mediators in gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 34:213–224

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lasselin J, Layé S, Dexpert S, Aubert A, Gonzalez C, Gin H, Capuron L (2012) Fatigue symptoms relate to systemic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Brain Behav Immun 26:1211–1219. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.03.003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Baris N, Erdogan M, Sezer E, Saygili F, Mert Ozgonul A, Turgan N, Ersoz B (2009) Alterations in l-arginine and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria. Acta Diabetol 46:309–316. doi:10.1007/s00592-008-0089-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Lhee HY, Kim H, Joo KJ, Jung SS, Lee KB (2006) The clinical significance of serum and urinary neopterin levels in several renal diseases. J Korean Med Sci 21:678–682

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Gitto E, Pellegrino S, D’Arrigo S, Barberi I, Reiter RJ (2009) Oxidative stress in resuscitation and in ventilation of newborns. Eur Respir J 34:1461–1469. doi:10.1183/09031936.00032809

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Eklind S, Mallard C, Arvidsson P, Hagberg H (2005) Lipopolysaccharide induces both a primary and a secondary phase of sensitization in the developing rat brain. Pediatr Res 58:112–116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ben-Hur T, Ben-Menachem O, Furer V, Einstein O, Mizrachi-Kol R, Grigoriadis N (2003) Effects of proinflammatory cytokines on the growth, fate, and motility of multipotential neural precursor cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 24:623–631

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Dierich MP, Wachter H (1988) Neopterin as a marker for activated cell-mediated immunity: application in HIV infection. Immunol Today 9:150–155

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest

We report no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Suleyman Hilmi Ipekci

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Ayse Gul Kebapcilar, Setenay Arzu Yilmaz, Tolgay Tuyan Ilhan, Aybike Tazegul Pekin & Cetin Celik

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Sedat Abusoglu & Ali Unlu

  4. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Ali Annagur

Authors
  1. Suleyman Hilmi Ipekci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ayse Gul Kebapcilar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Setenay Arzu Yilmaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tolgay Tuyan Ilhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Aybike Tazegul Pekin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sedat Abusoglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ali Unlu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Ali Annagur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Cetin Celik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suleyman Hilmi Ipekci.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ipekci, S.H., Kebapcilar, A.G., Yilmaz, S.A. et al. Serum levels of neopterin in gestational diabetes mellitus: the relationship with Apgar scores. Arch Gynecol Obstet 292, 103–109 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-015-3615-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-015-3615-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation