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Association of vitiligo with multiple cutaneous and extra-cutaneous autoimmune diseases: a nationwide cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Previous studies found conflicting results about associations of vitiligo with different autoimmune diseases. To evaluate associations of vitiligo with multiple autoimmune diseases. A cross-sectional study representative of 612,084,148 US patients from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) 2015–2019 was performed. Vitiligo and autoimmune diseases were identified using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes. The most frequent autoimmune disorders in patients with vitiligo were type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune thyroiditis, Addison's disease, and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Vitiligo was associated with any autoimmune disorder (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.45 [1.32–1.58]). Cutaneous disorders with largest effect-sizes were alopecia areata (186.22 [115.31–300.72]) and SSc (32.13 [25.28–40.82]). Non-cutaneous comorbidities with largest effect-sizes were primary sclerosing cholangitis (43.12 [18.98–97.99]), pernicious anemia (41.26 [31.66–53.78]), Addison's disease (33.85 [26.68–42.9]), and autoimmune thyroiditis (31.65 [26.34–38.02]). Vitiligo is associated with multiple cutaneous and non-cutaneous autoimmune diseases, especially in females and older age.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study is available for purchase at https://hcup-us.ahrq.gov/tech_assist/centdist.jsp (hcup@ahrq.gov) under the name of “The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS).” Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad de los Andes, School of Medicine, Bogotá, DC, Colombia

    Jorge A. Rios-Duarte

  2. Department of Dermatology, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, DC, Colombia

    Maria J. Sanchez-Zapata

  3. Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Suite 2B-425, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA

    Jonathan I. Silverberg

Authors
  1. Jorge A. Rios-Duarte
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  2. Maria J. Sanchez-Zapata
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  3. Jonathan I. Silverberg
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JRD, MSZ and JIS performed the data analysis and interpretation, drafted the original manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jonathan I. Silverberg.

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Rios-Duarte, J.A., Sanchez-Zapata, M.J. & Silverberg, J.I. Association of vitiligo with multiple cutaneous and extra-cutaneous autoimmune diseases: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Arch Dermatol Res 315, 2597–2603 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-023-02661-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-023-02661-y

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