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Elucidating the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of bioactive phytochemicals against fungal dermatitis isolates

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Abstract

Dermatophytosis has been the most common cause of superficial fungal infections which invade the keratinized tissues of body such as nail, hair, and skin, respectively. Although these infections are treatable and many commercial drugs are available that can be applied topically (clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, voriconazole) on the infected areas but they have very low efficacy and has high probability of relapse. To increase the efficacy of treatment, the patient receives supplementary oral medicines for prolong duration that leads to hepatotoxicity. Previously, it has been reported that some wild medicinal plants possess antifungal capacity due to the presence of bioactive molecules. In present study, these phytochemicals (viz. tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids) derived from three test plants [Acacia nilotica (babul), Catharanthus roseus (sadabahar) and Ricinus communis (Arandi)] are used as sources of direct medicinal agents to develop an antidermatophytic drug formulation against the clinical fungal isolates associated with affected population. The mechanism of their antifungal potential of partially purified phytochemicals were analyzed using agar well diffusion method, food inhibition assessment and DNA cleavage analysis. The data revealed that the alkaloids are the most potent component possessing antifungal property that is recommended to be used to formulate topical ointment for the dermatophytic infection after competent regulatory approvals. This can be used as promising source of alternative treatment approach and as a competent substitute for chemically synthesized hepatotoxic drugs that are available in market.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available in following: Cureus, https://doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.18940. LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548396/.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Professor Ina Aditya Shastri, Vice-Chancellor, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan for providing research facilities. We also provide thanks to DST-CURIE for providing financial assistance for conducting our research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan, 304022, India

    Tanya Bhayana & Sarika Gupta

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  1. Tanya Bhayana
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  2. Sarika Gupta
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Contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author SG provided guidance while conducting the study, designed the study, performed and standardized the protocol. Author TB wrote the first draft of the manuscript, managed the analyses of the study through managing the literature searches. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sarika Gupta.

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Bhayana, T., Gupta, S. Elucidating the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of bioactive phytochemicals against fungal dermatitis isolates. Arch Dermatol Res 315, 1129–1141 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-022-02475-4

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