Abstract
Background
Patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) with the direct anterior approach (DAA) may experience faster recovery but may also have better baseline health than those who undergo THA with the posterior approach (PA). This study aimed to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) between the DAA and PA while controlling for baseline factors.
Methods
This is a secondary data analysis from a prospective cohort study of patients utilizing a smartphone-based care management platform following THA. The primary outcomes were HOOS JR and EQ-5D-5L through 1 year and change from baseline. Longitudinal regression models were created to control for baseline characteristics and investigate the impact of surgical approach on PROMs.
Results
Of 1364 THAs evaluated, 731 (53.6%) were female, and 840 (61.6%) used the PA. Patients in the PA group were of similar age but had higher body mass index and comorbidity scores. Pre-operative HOOS JR and EQ-5D-5L were comparable, but higher post-operatively in the DAA group through 6 months (p = 0.03 and p = 0.005). At 1 year post-operatively, HOOS JR and EQ-5D-5L did not vary between groups (p = 0.48 and p = 0.56), nor did changes from baseline (p = 0.47 and p = 0.11). After controlling baseline characteristics, DAA was significantly associated with higher average HOOS JR through 6 months (p = 0.03) and EQ-5D-5L through 3 months (p = 0.005), but not at 12 months (p = 0.89 and p = 0.56).
Conclusion
THA patients undergoing DAA demonstrate earlier improvements in HOOS JR and EQ-5D-5L. However, these differences may not be clinically significant and are not evident at 1-year post-operative. Patient selection and surgeon training may continue to affect outcomes by surgical approach.
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Data availability
Data not available due to commercial restrictions.
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Funding
The study described within was funded by Zimmer Biomet (Warsaw, IN, USA). Omar Sarhan, Martinus Megalla, Nareena Imam—none. Anna N. Ren—employee of Zimmer Biomet. Roberta E. Redfern – employee of Zimmer Biomet, stock or stock options. Gregg R. Klein—IP royalties, paid consultant, paid presenter or speaker, research support—Zimmer Biomet.
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Sarhan, O., Megalla, M., Imam, N. et al. Improved patient reported outcomes with the direct anterior approach versus the posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty in the early post-operative period. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-024-05271-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-024-05271-z