Abstract
The knowledge of the temperature effect on magnetorheological fluid is critical for accurate control of magnetorheological devices, since the temperature rise during operation is unavoidable due to coil energization, wall slip, and inter-particle friction. Based on a typical commercial magnetorheological fluid, this work investigates the effect of temperature on magnetorheological properties and its mechanisms. It is found that temperature has a significant effect on the zero-field viscosity and shear stress of magnetorheological fluid. The Herschel-Bulkley model that has high accuracy at room temperature does not describe accurately the shear stress of magnetorheological fluids at high temperatures, as its relative error is even up to 21% at 70 °C. By analyzing the sources of shear stress in magnetorheological fluids, a novel constitutive model with temperature prediction is proposed by combining the Navier–Stokes equation and viscosity-temperature equation. The experimental results show that the error of the novel constitutive model decreases by 90% at different temperatures and magnetic field strengths, exhibiting an excellent accuracy. This temperature-dependent constitutive model allows the properties of an MR fluid to be widely characterized only in a few experiments.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrade E (1940) The viscosity of liquid. Proc Phys Soc 52(6):748
Anupama AV, Kumaran V, Sahoo B (2018) Steady-shear magnetorheological response of fluids containing solution-combustion-synthesized Ni-Zn ferrite powder. Adv Powder Technol 29(9):2188–2193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2018.06.002
Arora K, Singh AK (2020) Magnetorheological finishing of UHMWPE acetabular cup surface and its performance analysis. Mater Manuf Process 35(14):1631–1649. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2020.1784928
Bae DH, Han WJ, Gao CY, Dong YZ, Choi HJ (2018) Preparation and magnetorheological response of triangular-shaped single-crystalline magnetite particle-based magnetic fluid. IEEE T Magn 54(11). https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2018.2832166
Bahiuddin I, Mazlan SA, Shapiai I, Imaduddin F, Ubaidillah, Choi S-B (2018) Constitutive models of magnetorheological fluids having temperature-dependent prediction parameter. Smart Mater Struct 27(9). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aac237
Chen F, Li H, Han M, Tian Z, Li A (2020) Preparation of magnetorheological fluid with excellent sedimentation stability. Mater Manuf Process 35(20):1077–1083. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2020.1765250
Chen S, Yang J (2019) Probing slip differential heat of magnetorheological fluids subjected to shear mode operation and its effect on the structure. Materials 12(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12111860
Chen S, Huang J, Jian K, Ding J (2015) Analysis of influence of temperature on magnetorheological fluid and transmission performance. Adv Mater Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/583076
Choi YT, Bitman L, Wereley NM (2005) Nondimensional analysis of electrorheological dampers using an eyring constitutive relationship. J Intel Mat Syst Str 16(5):383–394. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x05050529
Cvek M, Mrlik M, Pavlinek V (2016) A rheological evaluation of steady shear magnetorheological flow behavior using three-parameter viscoplastic models. J Rheol 60(4):687–694. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.4954249
Desai RM, Acharya S, Jamadar M-e-H, Kumar H, Joladarashi S, Sekaran scR (2020) Synthesis of magnetorheological fluid and its application in a twin-tube valve mode automotive damper. P I Mech Eng L-J Mat 234(7):1001–1016. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464420720925497
Jonkkari I, Kostamo E, Kostamo J, Syrjala S, Pietola M (2012) Effect of the plate surface characteristics and gap height on yield stresses of a magnetorheological fluid. Smart Mater Struct 21(7). https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/21/7/075030
Kikuchi T, Abe I, Nagata T, Yamaguchi A, Takano T (2020) Twin-driven actuator with multi-layered disc magnetorheological fluid clutches for haptics. J Intel Mat Syst Str 32:1313–1322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20943958
Kim MH, Choi K, Nam JD, Choi HJ (2017) Enhanced magnetorheological response of magnetic chromium dioxide nanoparticle added carbonyl iron suspension. Smart Mater Struct 26(9). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aa7cb9
Kubik M, Pavlicek D, Machacek O, Strecker Z, Roupec J (2019) A magnetorheological fluid shaft seal with low friction torque. Smart Mater Struct 28(4). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ab0834
Lv H, Chen R, Zhang S (2018) Comparative experimental study on constitutive mechanical models of magnetorheological fluids. Smart Mater Struct 27(11). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aae5e6
Malik MY, Khan M, Salahuddin T, Khan IJES, TaI J (2016) Variable viscosity and MHD flow in Casson fluid with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model: using Keller box method. Eng Sci Technol 19(4):1985–1992
Maroofi J, Hashemabadi SH (2019) Experimental and numerical investigation of parameters influencing anisotropic thermal conductivity of magnetorheological fluids. Heat Mass Transf 55(10):2751–2767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02618-w
Papanastasiou TC (1987) Flows of materials with yield. J Rheol 31(5):385–404
Pelegrine DH, Silva FC, Gasparetto CA (2002) Rheological behavior of pineapple and mango pulps. Lebensm-Wiss Technol 35(8):645–648. https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.2002.0920
Rabbani Y, Ashtiani M, Hashemabadi SH (2015) An experimental study on the effects of temperature and magnetic field strength on the magnetorheological fluid stability and MR effect. Soft Matt 11(22):4453–4460. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5sm00625b
Rosensweig RE (1995) On magnetorheology and electrorheology as states of unsymmetric stress. J Rheol 39(1):163–188
Saha P, Mukherjee S, Mandal K (2019) Rheological response of magnetic fluid containing Fe3O4 nano structures. J Magn Magn Mater 484:324–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.04.055
Sahin H, Wang X, Gordaninejad F (2009) Temperature dependence of magneto-rheological materials. J Intel Mat Syst Str 20(18):2215–2222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x09351608
Sarkar C, Hirani H (2015) Effect of particle size on shear stress of magnetorheological fluids. Smart Sci 3(2):65–73
Sherman SG, Wereley NM (2013) Effect of particle size distribution on chain structures in magnetorheological fluids. IEEE T Magn 49(7):3430–3433. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2013.2245409
Susan-Resiga D, Vekas L (2017) Ferrofluid based composite fluids: magnetorheological properties correlated by Mason and Casson numbers. J Rheol 61(3):401–408. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.4977713
Tian Z, Wu X, Xiao X, Chen F (2019) A novel preparation process for magnetorheological fluid with high working temperature. Journal of Magnetics 24(4):634–640. https://doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2019.24.4.634
Wang D, Zi B, Zeng Y, Hou Y, Meng Q (2014) Temperature-dependent material properties of the components of magnetorheological fluids. J Mater Sci 49(24):8459–8470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8556-x
Williams EW, Rigby SG, Sproston JL, StanwayRJJJoN-NFM, (1993) Electrorheological fluids applied to an automotive engine mount. J Non-Newton Fluid 47:221–238
Wu X, Xiao X, Tian Z, Chen F, Jian W (2016) Effect of particle characteristics and temperature on shear yield stress of magnetorheological fluid. J Magn 21(2):244–248. https://doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2016.21.2.244
Yildirim G, Genc S (2013) Experimental study on heat transfer of the magnetorheological fluids. Smart Mater Struct 22(8). https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/22/8/085001
Yoon D-S, Kim G-W, Choi S-B (2021) Response time of magnetorheological dampers to current inputs in a semi-active suspension system: modeling, control and sensitivity analysis. Mech Syst Signal Pr 146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.106999
Acknowledgements
This research is supported by joint Ph.D. program of ‘double first rate’ construction disciplines of CUMT.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, H., Jönkkäri, I., Sarlin, E. et al. Temperature effects and temperature-dependent constitutive model of magnetorheological fluids. Rheol Acta 60, 719–728 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-021-01302-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-021-01302-3