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Development and characterization of pH-responsive CMTKG/PAM/PEG hydrogel for oral administration of etophylline

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Abstract

The current work aimed to synthesize pH-responsive hydrogel based on carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum (CMTKG), polyacrylamide (PAM), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) through a free radical mechanism for delivery of etophylline. The optimization of the formulation was done by variation in biopolymer, initiator, and cross-linker content to obtain the desired properties of the hydrogels, and their impact on the swelling ratio was also investigated. The developed hydrogel was characterized using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). To analyse the pH-responsive nature of hydrogels, swelling and drug release studies were performed at pH 1.2 and 7.4. Swelling and drug release results reveal that higher swelling and drug release were observed at pH 7.4 compared to pH 1.2, which indicates the pH-dependent behaviour of the developed polymeric network. Drug release kinetics confirmed the release profile of etophylline, with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model to be the best-fitted model and Fickian diffusion as a drug release mechanism in pH 1.2 and non-Fickian diffusion at pH 7.4. Hence, CMTKG/PAM/PEG hydrogel can be utilized as a promising material for the pH-dependent release of etophylline.

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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors Kajal, Ramender Kumar, and Sudhir G. Warkar are thankful to the Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India, for its infrastructure, and Priyanka Meena thanks Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India, for its financial support.

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  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India

    Kajal, Ramender Kumar, Priyanka Meena & Sudhir G. Warkar

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  4. Sudhir G. Warkar
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Contributions

Conceptualization: [Sudhir G. Warkar], [Priyanka Meena]; Methodology: [Kajal], [Ramender Kumar], [Priyanka Meena]; Formal analysis and investigation: [Kajal], [Ramender Kumar]; Writing-original draft preparation: [Kajal], [Ramender Kumar]; Writing-review and editing: [Sudhir G. Warkar], [Priyanka Meena]; Funding acquisition: NA; Resources: [Kajal], [Ramender Kumar]; Supervision: [Sudhir G. Warkar].

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Correspondence to Priyanka Meena or Sudhir G. Warkar.

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Kajal, Kumar, R., Meena, P. et al. Development and characterization of pH-responsive CMTKG/PAM/PEG hydrogel for oral administration of etophylline. Colloid Polym Sci 301, 1313–1323 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-023-05152-8

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