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Effectiveness of anthocyanins rich foods on cardiometabolic factors in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine whether anthocyanin-rich foods are effective to improve cardiometabolic markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS), compared with placebo or control interventions.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, and Web of Science from their inception up to March 2022. We include clinical trials (randomized clinical trials, controlled clinical trials, and cross-over trials) with anthocyanin-rich foods versus placebo or control intervention that assessment cardiometabolic factors.

Results

We found 14 clinical trials that met the eligibility criteria, and we included 10 studies for the quantitative synthesis. For anthocyanin-rich foods versus control interventions, the mean difference (MD) for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was − 7.98 mg/dL (CI = − 15.20 to − 0.77, GRADE: Very low). For homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the MD was 0.04 (CI = 0.08 to 0.16, GRADE: Moderate). The MD for interleukin 6 was 0.00 pg/mL (CI = − 0.01 to 0.00, GRADE: Low). For tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the standardized mean difference (SMD) was − 0.52 pg/mL (CI = 0.85 to 0.19 GRADE: Very low) when compared with the control interventions. The certainty of the evidence for the other outcomes it is very low.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that anthocyanin-rich foods could improve certain cardiometabolic markers (e.g., TC, TG, LDL, and TNF-α) among individuals with MetS (with very low quality evidence according to GRADE), compared with placebo or other control interventions.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020187287.

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Data availability

Raw data that support the fndings of this study can be provided by the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

No funding was obtained to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile

    Felipe Araya-Quintanilla

  2. Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia

    Ana Beatriz-Pizarro

  3. Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

    Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola & Jordana Maluf

  4. Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Las Americas, Santiago, Chile

    Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola

  5. NIAVA, Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Av. Manuel Montt 948, Providencia, 7500972, Santiago, Chile

    Leonardo Pavez

  6. Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile

    Leonardo Pavez

  7. Escuela de Fisioterapia, Universidad de las Américas, 170504, Quito, Ecuador

    Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza

  8. Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain

    José Francisco López-Gil

  9. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

    José Francisco López-Gil

  10. One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador

    José Francisco López-Gil

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  1. Felipe Araya-Quintanilla
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Contributions

Conceptualization: FA-Q, HG-E. Data curation: WS-L, JM. Formal analysis: FA-Q, AB-P. Methodology: HG-E, AB-P, WS-L. Supervision: FA-Q, LP, JFL-G. Writing-original draft: FA-Q, WS-L, JM, LP, JFL-G. Writing- review and editing: FA-Q, AB-P, HG-E, WS-L, JM, LP, JFL-G.

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Correspondence to Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza.

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Araya-Quintanilla, F., Beatriz-Pizarro, A., Sepúlveda-Loyola, W. et al. Effectiveness of anthocyanins rich foods on cardiometabolic factors in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 62, 1923–1940 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03142-8

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