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Dietary patterns and gastric cancer risk in a Korean population: a case–control study

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Abstract

Purpose

Dietary pattern analysis has been considered as an approach to capture the complex interactions of overall diet, which are often lost in studies of single dietary components (e.g., foods and nutrients). The aim of this study was to identify the major dietary patterns of Koreans via principal component analysis based on the food groups and to investigate the association between dietary patterns and gastric cancer (GC) risk.

Methods

In this study, participants were recruited from the National Cancer Center, Korea. Among them, 415 cases were diagnosed with early GC, and 830 controls were age- and sex-matched at a ratio of 1:2. To determine the subjects’ dietary patterns, 34 predefined food groups based on the 106-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) were used. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated across the tertiles of dietary pattern scores using logistic regression models.

Results

The two dietary patterns derived in this study were named westernized and prudent. Those patterns explained 24.83% of the total variation in food intake. Higher scores on the prudent pattern was inversely associated with the risk of GC (OR [95% CI] for the highest vs. lowest tertiles: 0.58 [0.41–0.84], p for trend = 0.004).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that adherence to the prudent dietary pattern represented by high loadings of vegetables and fruits, was associated with lower GC risk. Further studies with a prospective design and larger sample sizes are necessary.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research and Control from the National Cancer Center of Korea (Nos. 1410260, 1810090, and 1810980).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, South Korea

    Ji Hyun Kim, Jeonghee Lee & Jeongseon Kim

  2. Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, South Korea

    Il Ju Choi & Young-Il Kim

Authors
  1. Ji Hyun Kim
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  2. Jeonghee Lee
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Contributions

The authors’ responsibilities were as follows: study conception and design were performed by JK; material preparation and data collection were performed by IJC, YIK, and JL; data analysis was conducted by JL and JHK; the manuscript was written by JHK; JK had the primary responsibility for the final content; and all authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeongseon Kim.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical standards

Written and signed informed consent was obtained from all patients in adherence to the guidelines of the National Cancer Center, Korea. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Cancer Center, Korea (IRB Number: NCCNCS-11-438).

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Kim, J.H., Lee, J., Choi, I.J. et al. Dietary patterns and gastric cancer risk in a Korean population: a case–control study. Eur J Nutr 60, 389–397 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02253-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02253-w

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