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Coffee consumption and mortality from all causes of death, cardiovascular disease and cancer in an elderly Spanish population

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Abstract

Purpose

The effect of coffee consumption on mortality has been scarcely investigated in the elderly. We assessed the association between coffee consumption and mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, in an elderly population of Spain.

Methods

We studied 903 individuals (511 women) aged 65 years and older from two population-based studies, the EUREYE-Spain study and the Valencia Nutritional Survey. Coffee consumption and diet were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Information on education, anthropometry, sleeping time, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity and pre-existing disease was collected at baseline. Deaths were ascertained during a 12-year follow-up period, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR).

Results

There were 403 deaths during the 12-year period (40% from CVD), 174 of which occurred during the first 6 years. We observed evidence of a lower CVD mortality among coffee drinkers in the first 6 years of follow-up. Drinkers of ≤1 cup of coffee/day and > 1 cup/day showed lower CVD mortality than non-drinkers of coffee, HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.46–1.44) and HR 0.38 (0.15–0.96), respectively (p trend = 0.04). This association of coffee with CVD mortality attenuated after 12 years of follow-up. No significant association was observed with all-cause or cancer mortality, neither for caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee.

Conclusions

In this study, coffee consumption was associated with lower CVD mortality in elderly. Although this association should be further investigated, coffee consumption appears to be safe for the elderly since no increased mortality was observed in coffee drinkers.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the VNS and EUREYE participants for their valuable contribution to this research. We appreciate the English revision of the manuscript made by Mr Jonathan Whitehead. The VNS study was supported by a grant from the Dirección General de Salud Pública, Generalitat Valenciana 1994 and the Fondo Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS 00/0985). The EUREYE study was funded by the European Commission Vth Framework (QLK6-CT-1999-02 094), the Spanish Ministry of Health (grants: FIS 01/1692E; RCESP C 03/09; CIBERESP, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública) and the Generalitat Valenciana (CTGCA/2002/06; G 03/136). This study has also received support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and FEDER funds (FIS PI13/00654). Laura Torres is recipient of a fellowship “Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU)” from the Ministry of Education in Spain (FPU14/00046).

Author information

Author notes

  1. L. Torres-Collado and M. Garcia-de la Hera contributed equally to the article.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health, History of Medicine, and Gynecology, University Miguel Hernández, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research, ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation, Ctra. Nacional 332 s/n. Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550, Alicante, Spain

    L. Torres-Collado, M. Garcia-de-la-Hera, E. M. Navarrete-Muñoz, L. Notario-Barandiaran, S. Gonzalez-Palacios & Jesus Vioque

  2. Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

    L. Torres-Collado, M. Garcia-de-la-Hera, E. M. Navarrete-Muñoz, L. Notario-Barandiaran, S. Gonzalez-Palacios, O. Zurriaga & Jesus Vioque

  3. Dirección General de Salud Pública, Conselleria de Sanitat, Valencia, Spain

    O. Zurriaga

  4. Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria, Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain

    O. Zurriaga

  5. Unidad de Investigación de Análisis de la Mortalidad y Estadísticas Sanitarias, Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain

    I. Melchor

  6. Registro de Mortalidad de la Comunitat Valenciana, Servicio de Estudios Epidemiológicos y Estadísticas Sanitarias, Subdirección General de Epidemiología y Vigilancia de la Salud, Alicante, Spain

    I. Melchor

Authors
  1. L. Torres-Collado
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  2. M. Garcia-de-la-Hera
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  3. E. M. Navarrete-Muñoz
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  4. L. Notario-Barandiaran
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  5. S. Gonzalez-Palacios
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  7. I. Melchor
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  8. Jesus Vioque
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jesus Vioque.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest or any financial interest with study results.

Ethical standards

Ethical approval for the studies was given by the Local Ethical Committee of the Hospital of San Juan and the Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.

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Torres-Collado, L., Garcia-de-la-Hera, M., Navarrete-Muñoz, E.M. et al. Coffee consumption and mortality from all causes of death, cardiovascular disease and cancer in an elderly Spanish population. Eur J Nutr 58, 2439–2448 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1796-9

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