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Restorative potentiality of S-allylcysteine against diabetic nephropathy through attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats

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Abstract

Aim

In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic potentiality of S-allylcysteine (SAC) in streptozotocin (STZ)–nicotinamide (NAD)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in experimental rats.

Methods

SAC was orally administered for 45 days to rats with STZ–NAD-induced DN; a metformin-treated group was included for comparison. Effect of SAC on body weight, organ weight, blood glucose, levels of insulin, glycated haemoglobin, and renal biochemical markers was determined. Body composition by total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) and dual-X ray absorptiometry (DXA), kidney antioxidant analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; histopathological and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the kidneys were performed in both control and experimental rats.

Results

SAC treatment showed significantly decreased levels of blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, creatinine, albumin, AST, ALT, creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and expressions of NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α compared with DN control rats. Furthermore, SAC administration to DN rats significantly improved body composition and antioxidant defense mechanism which was confirmed by the upregulation of mRNA and protein expressions of antioxidant genes.

Conclusions

Thus, SAC showed adequate therapeutic effect against DN by downregulation of inflammatory factors and attenuation of oxidative stress. Histological and SEM observations also indicated that SAC treatment notably reverses renal damage and protects the kidneys from hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative damage.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Department of Science and Technology (DST-SERB), Government of India (Ref no. DST/SERB/SR/SO/HS/0227/2012) and Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE), Department of Science and Technology (DST). Government of India (Grant no. DST/INSPIRE/04/2016/000893) for providing the financial assistance, and also thank for the management of K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, for providing facilities.

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Author notes

  1. V. V. Sathibabu Uddandrao and Parim Brahmanaidu have equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, 637215, India

    V. V. Sathibabu Uddandrao, S. Vadivukkarasi & Ganapathy Saravanan

  2. ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research (ICMR-NARFBR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India

    Parim Brahmanaidu, Ramavat Ravindarnaik & Pothani Suresh

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  1. V. V. Sathibabu Uddandrao
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  2. Parim Brahmanaidu
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  3. Ramavat Ravindarnaik
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  4. Pothani Suresh
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  5. S. Vadivukkarasi
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  6. Ganapathy Saravanan
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Correspondence to Ganapathy Saravanan.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The protocol of this study was approved by the Institutional animal ethical committee of the National Centre for Laboratory Animal Science, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad (Approval no. P7F/II-IAEC/NIN/2015/GS/WNIN Rats/42M) and experiments were carried out according to the guidelines of Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), Government of India.

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Sathibabu Uddandrao, V.V., Brahmanaidu, P., Ravindarnaik, R. et al. Restorative potentiality of S-allylcysteine against diabetic nephropathy through attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Nutr 58, 2425–2437 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1795-x

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