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Association of macronutrient consumption with arterial aging in adults without clinically overt cardiovascular disease: a 5-year prospective cohort study

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Abstract

Purpose

There is limited and inconsistent evidence regarding longitudinal effects of macronutrients on blood pressure (BP) haemodynamics and arterial aging in populations without cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to prospectively investigate potential association of dietary macronutrients with long-term changes in peripheral and central haemodynamics and arterial stiffness.

Methods

One hundred and fifteen subjects (46.7 ± 8.73 years, 70 women), free of clinically overt CVD were consecutively recruited. Dietary macronutrient intake was evaluated using 3-day food records at baseline. Aortic stiffness and arterial wave reflections were assessed at baseline and in one follow-up visit 5 years later by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI), respectively.

Results

Individuals with the highest consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA) presented the highest rate of progression in PWV, AI and aortic diastolic BP (p < 0.05 for all) after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, body mass index, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, changes in systolic BP and treatment with antihypertensive and hypolipidemic drugs. After similar multivariable adjustments, high consumption of carbohydrates was associated with higher progression of AI, whereas high consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and fibre with lower progression in aortic and peripheral systolic and diastolic BP (p < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions

In subjects without CVD, high consumption of SFA is related to accelerated arterial stiffening, while high consumption of MUFA and fibre and low intake of carbohydrates is associated with attenuated progression in blood pressure and arterial wave reflections, respectively. These findings expand current knowledge on the association of macronutrient consumption with arterial aging in the general population.

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Author notes

  1. G. Georgiopoulos and K. Karatzi contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vascular Laboratory, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, Alexandra University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vas. Sofias Str, 11528, Athens, Greece

    G. Georgiopoulos, E. Euthimiou, A. Laina, C. Kontogiannis, A. Mareti, I. Mavroeidis, A. Mitrakou, C. Papamichael & Kimon Stamatelopoulos

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou str, 17671, Athens, Greece

    K. Karatzi

  3. Medical School, First Psychiatric Clinic, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    A. Kouzoupis

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  1. G. Georgiopoulos
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  2. K. Karatzi
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Correspondence to Kimon Stamatelopoulos.

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Georgiopoulos, G., Karatzi, K., Euthimiou, E. et al. Association of macronutrient consumption with arterial aging in adults without clinically overt cardiovascular disease: a 5-year prospective cohort study. Eur J Nutr 58, 2305–2314 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1781-3

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