Abstract
The climatology and interannual variability of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is evaluated based on the outputs from the phase 6 of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP6) models and then compared to that in the phase 5 (CMIP5) models. Results show that the CMIP6 models tend to reproduce more reasonably climatological atmospheric circulation and precipitation over East Asia, with smaller inter-model spreads compared with the CMIP5 models. In addition, the multi-model ensemble mean of CMIP6 is more skillful than CMIP5 in both the summertime climatological wind and precipitation. For the interannual variation of EASM, the general bias of weak western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) is significantly improved from the CMIP5 to CMIP6 models, contributing to alleviated dipole rainfall bias in CMIP6. The simultaneous warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Indian Ocean (NIO) and tropical North Atlantic Ocean (TNA) are suggested to play important roles in reproducing the reasonable WNPAC in CMIP6 through intensifying the suppression of convection activities over the western North Pacific. Moreover, those warm SST anomalies in the NIO and TNA are verified to be tied closely to the preceding El Niño. More realistic El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) SST pattern may be associated with more realistic SST evolutions in both the NIO and TNA. The results indicate that the improvement of EASM interannual variation depends highly on ENSO and the resultant NIO and TNA SST anomalies in models.
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The ERA5 data used in this research can be accessed from https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5. The CMAP precipitation datasets can be obtained from the websites https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.cmap.html. The HadISST dataset can be obtained from http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/view/badc.nerc.ac.uk__ATOM__dataent_hadisst. The CMIP5 model datasets are available at https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip5/. And the CMIP6 model datasets are publicly available at https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6/.
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Acknowledgements
We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions, which had led to a significant improvement of the manuscript. This study was supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41721004 and 41961144016), and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change. The ERA5 data used in this research can be accessed from https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5. The CMAP precipitation datasets can be obtained from the websites https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.cmap.html. The HadISST dataset can be obtained from http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/view/badc.nerc.ac.uk__ATOM__dataent_hadisst. The CMIP5 model datasets are available at https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip5/. And the CMIP6 model datasets are publicly available at https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6/. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Program’s Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP5 and CMIP6, and the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output.
Funding
This study was supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41721004 and 41961144016), and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change.
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Yu, T., Chen, W., Gong, H. et al. Comparisons between CMIP5 and CMIP6 models in simulations of the climatology and interannual variability of the east asian summer Monsoon. Clim Dyn 60, 2183–2198 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06408-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06408-9