Abstract
A new local kinetic energy (KE) budget for the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is constructed in a multi-scale framework. This energy budget framework allows us to analyze the local energy conversion processes of the MJO with the high-frequency disturbances and the low-frequency background state. The KE budget analysis is applied to a pronounced MJO event during the DYNAMO field campaign to investigate the KE transport path of the MJO. The work done by the pressure gradient force and the conversion of available potential energy at the MJO scale are the two dominant processes that affect the MJO KE tendency. The MJO winds transport MJO KE into the MJO convection region in the lower troposphere while it is transported away from the MJO convection region in the upper troposphere. The energy cascade process is relatively weak, but the interaction between high-frequency disturbances and the MJO plays an important role in maintaining the high-frequency disturbances within the MJO convection. The MJO KE mainly converts to interaction KE between MJO and high-frequency disturbances over the area where the MJO zonal wind is strong. This interaction KE over the MJO convection region is enhanced through its flux convergence and further transport KE to the high-frequency disturbances. This process is conducive to maintaining the MJO convection. This study highlights the importance of KE interaction between the MJO and the high-frequency disturbances in maintaining the MJO convection.
摘 要
Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) 是热带大气季节内变率的主要组成部分. 能量诊断方法是了解大气活动的重要方法之一, 而动能收支分析的优点在于它可以揭示不同物理过程之间的能量转换以及不同尺度之间的相互作用. 由于前人所使用的动能收支方法无法用于诊断 MJO 和其他时间尺度系统间的双向相互作用, 本研究构建了一个新的 MJO 尺度的局地能量诊断框架, 揭示 MJO 对流在印度洋快速发展阶段时, MJO、 高频扰动和低频背景态之间的动能输送和转换过程. 本研究基于 TRMM 卫星观测资料、 NOAA 向外长波辐射资料和 ERA-Interim 再分析资料, 分析了 DYNAMO 期间的 2011 年 11 月 MJO 对流事件发生时的动能收支状况. 结果表明, 与 MJO 对流自身相关的气压梯度力做功与有效位能向动能的转换是影响 MJO 动能演变的两个主导因素, 对流层中低层 MJO 西风动能倾向的演变与 MJO 对流的演变特征密切相关. 在对流层中低层, MJO 动能加强区为西风主导区, 位于 MJO 对流主体的西侧; MJO 动能减弱区为东风主导区, 位于 MJO 对流主体的东侧. 在这两个区域中, 季节内尺度的风场都将 MJO 的动能向 MJO 对流活动区输送, MJO 也都在与低频背景场的相互作用中获得动能, 摩擦耗散使得 MJO 动能在两个区域中减弱. MJO 与高频尺度系统的相互作用使得 MJO 对流区域内高频扰动的动能增强, 这会增强 MJO 对流波包内的高频对流, 从而进一步使得整个 MJO 对流波包得到维持. 将局地多尺度相互作用框架应用于 MJO 个例, 有助于理解 MJO 事件的能量传输路径, 并为分析 MJO 事件的共同能量收支特征奠定基础.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that help improve the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China through Grant Nos. 2018YFC1505901 and 2018YFA0606203, the National Nature Science Foundation of China through Grant Nos. 41922035, 41575062, 41520104008, Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS through Grant No. QYZDB-SSW-DQC017, and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The first author acknowledges the support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC) Grant No. 201904910516.
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Article Highlights
• A new local kinetic energy (KE) budget for the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is constructed in a multi-scale framework.
• The dominant processes of the MJO KE budget are related to the pressure gradient force and available potential energy conversion at the MJO scale.
• The interaction between MJO and the high-frequency systems helps maintain the high-frequency disturbances within the MJO convection.
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Zhang, Y., Chen, G., Ling, J. et al. A Case Study on MJO Energy Transport Path in a Local Multi-scale Interaction Framework. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 38, 1929–1944 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-1098-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-1098-7