Abstract
Warm-sector heavy rainfall (WSHR) events in China have been investigated for many years. Studies have investigated the synoptic weather conditions during WSHR formation, the categories and general features, the triggering mechanism, and structural features of mesoscale convective systems during these rainfall events. The main results of WSHR studies in recent years are summarized in this paper. However, WSHR caused by micro- to mesoscale systems often occurs abruptly and locally, making both numerical model predictions and objective forecasts difficult. Further research is needed in three areas: (1) The mechanisms controlling WSHR events need to be understood to clarify the specific effects of various factors and indicate the influences of these factors under different synoptic background circulations. This would enable an understanding of the mechanisms of formation, maintenance, and organization of the convections in WSHR events. (2) In addition to South China, WSHR events also occur during the concentrated summer precipitation in the Yangtze River-Huaihe River Valley and North China. A high spatial and temporal resolution dataset should be used to analyze the distribution and environmental conditions, and to further compare the differences and similarities of the triggering and maintenance mechanisms of WSHR events in different regions. (3) More studies of the mechanisms are required, as well as improvements to the model initial conditions and physical processes based on multi-source observations, especially the description of the triggering process and the microphysical parameterization. This will improve the numerical prediction of WSHR events.
摘 要
中国学者针对暖区暴雨的研究已有几十年的历史, 主要研究了暖区暴雨的形成环流背景条件、 分类、 以及中尺度对流系统触发机理和结构特征. 本文回顾了近年来暖区暴雨的主要研究成果. 暖区暴雨主要由中小尺度对流系统引发, 具有明显的突发性和局地性特征, 数值模式预报和客观预报的预报难度仍然很大. 今后需要在以下三个方面继续开展研究: (1) 深入了解我国暖区暴雨的形成机理, 揭示各种因子的具体影响, 并指出这些因子在不同天气背景环流下的不同影响. 这将有助于理解引发暖区暴雨的对流系统的形成、 维持和组织机制. (2) 除华南地区外, 江淮流域和华北地区夏季降水集中期间也有暖区暴雨过程发生. 应利用高时空分辨率的数据集分析我国不同地区暖区暴雨的分布和发生环境条件, 进一步比较不同地区暖区暴雨事件触发和维持机制的异同. (3) 除了机理研究, 还需要开展如何利用多源观测改进数值模式的初值和物理过程, 特别是触发过程的描述和微物理参数化过程, 这些研究将有利于提高暖区暴雨数值预报的准确率.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anthes, R. A., Y. H. Kuo, D. P. Baumhefner, R. M. Errico, and T. W. Bettge, 1985: Predictability of mesoscale atmospheric motions. Advances in Geophysics, 28, 159–202, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60188-0.
Atkinson, B. W., and P. A. Smithson, 1972: An investigation into meso-scale precipitation distributions in a warm sector depression. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 98, 353–368, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49709841608.
Bao, X. H., Y. L. Luo, J. X. Sun, Z. Y. Meng, and J. Yue, 2017: Assimilating Doppler radar observations with an ensemble Kalman filter for convection-permitting prediction of convective development in a heavy rainfall event during the pre-summer rainy season of South China. Science China Earth Sciences, 60, 1866–1885, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-017-9076-9.
Chen, G. T.-J., and C. C. Yu, 1988: Study of low-level jet and extremely heavy rainfall over northern Taiwan in the Mei-Yu season. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 884–891, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<0884:SOLLJA>2.0.CO;2.
Chen, G. T.-J., C.-C. Wang, and D. T.-W. Lin, 2005: Characteristics of low-level jets over northern Taiwan in Mei-Yu season and their relationship to heavy rain events. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 20–43, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-2813.1.
Chen, G. T.-J., C.-C. Wang, and L.-F. Lin, 2006: A diagnostic study of a retreating Mei-Yu front and the accompanying low-level jet formation and intensification. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 874–896, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3099.1.
Chen, G. X., W. M. Sha, and T. Iwasaki, 2009: Diurnal variation of precipitation over southeastern China: Spatial distribution and its seasonality. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 114, D13103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011103.
Chen, G. X., W. M. Sha, M. Sawada, and T. Iwasaki, 2013a: Influence of summer monsoon diurnal cycle on moisture transport and precipitation over eastern China. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 3163–3177, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50337.
Chen, M. Q., and H. M. Xu, 2011: Comparison of the model predictability between a front rainstorm in Yangtze-Huaihe river basin and a warm-area rainstrom in South China. Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology: Natural Science Edition, 3, 118–127, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-7070.2011.02.002. (in Chinese)
Chen, M. X., Y. C. Wang, X. Xiao, and F. Gao, 2013b: Initiation and propagation mechanism for the Beijing extreme heavy rainstorm clusters on 21 July 2012. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 71, 569–592, https://doi.org/10.11676/qxxb2033.053. (in Chinese)
Chen, X. C., K. Zhao, and M. Xue, 2014: Spatial and temporal characteristics of warm season convection over Pearl River Delta region, China, based on 3 years of operational radar data. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 12447–12465, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021965.
Chen, X. C., K. Zhao, M. Xue, B. W. Zhou, X. X. Huang, and W. X. Xu, 2015: Radar-observed diurnal cycle and propagation of convection over the Pearl River Delta during Mei-Yu season. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 12557–12575, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023872.
Chen, X. C., F. Q. Zhang, and K. Zhao, 2016a: Diurnal variations of the land-sea breeze and its related precipitation over South China. J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 4793–4815, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0106.1.
Chen, X. X., Z. Y. Ding, C. H. Liu, Y. Chang, and C. L. Zhu, 2012a: Statistic analysis on the formation system of warm-sector heavy rainfall in May and June from 2000–2009. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 28, 707–718, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2012.05.010. (in Chinese)
Chen, Y., J. Sun, J. Xu, S. N. Yang, Z. P. Zong, T. Chen, C. Fang, and J. Sheng, 2012b: Analysis and thinking on the extremes of the 21 July 2012 torrential rain in Beijing Part I: Observation and Thinking. Meteorological Monthly, 38, 1255–1266, https://doi.org/10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2012.10.012. (in Chinese)
Chen, Y., Y. Chen, T. Chen, and H. He, 2016b: Characteristics analysis of warm-sector rainstorms over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Meteorological Monthly, 42, 724–731, https://doi.org/10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2016.06.008. (in Chinese)
Chen, Y., W. Q. Lü, C. Yu, S. Q. Li, S. N. Yang, W. J. Zhu, J. Xu, and Y. Gong, 2018: Analysis of a forecast failure case of warm sector torrential rainfall in North China. Meteorological Monthly, 44, 15–25, https://doi.org/10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2018.01.002. (in Chinese)
Cintineo, R. M., and D. J. Stensrud, 2013: On the predictability of supercell thunderstorm evolution. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1993–2011, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-12-0166.1.
Ding, Y. H., and X. Y. Shen, 1998: Symmetric instability in nonconservative systems Part I: Forcing effect of weak viscosity. Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, 22, 145–155, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1998.02.03. (in Chinese)
Ding, Y. H., and Coauthors, 2006: South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) and the East Asian Monsoon. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 22, 159–190.
Ding, Z. Y., C. H. Liu, and X. Y. Shen, 2011: Statistical analysis of the relationship among warm sector heavy rainfall, upper and lower tropospheric jet stream and South Asia high in May and June from 2005 to 2008. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 27, 307–316, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2011.03.003. (in Chinese)
Du, Y., and G. X. Chen, 2018: Heavy rainfall associated with double low-leveljets over southern China. Part I: Ensemble-based analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 146, 3827–3844, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18-0101.1.
Du, Y., and R. Rotunno, 2018: Diurnal cycle of rainfall and winds near the south coast of China. J. Atmos. Sci., 75, 2065–2082, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-17-0397.1.
Du, Y., and G. X. Chen, 2019: Heavy rainfall associated with double low-level jets over southern China. Part II: Convection initiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 147, 543–565, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18-0102.1.
He, L. F., T. Chen, and Q. Kong, 2016: A review of studies on prefrontal torrential rain in South China. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 27, 559–569, https://doi.org/10.11898/1001-7313.20160505. (in Chinese)
Houston, A. L., 2017: The possible role of density current dynamics in the generation of low-level vertical vorticity in supercells. J. Atmos. Sci., 74, 3191–3208, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0227.1.
Huang, L., and Y. L. Luo, 2017: Evaluation of quantitative precipitation forecasts by TIGGE ensembles for south China during the presummer rainy season. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 8494–8516, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026512.
Huang, S. S., and Coauthors, 1986: Rainstorms During Pre-Rainy Season in South China. Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 58 pp. (in Chinese)
Jiang, Z. N., D.-L. Zhang, R. D. Xia, and T. T. Qian, 2017: Diurnal variations of presummer rainfall over southern China. J. Climate, 30, 755–773, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0666.1.
Jou, B. J.-D., W.-C. Lee, and R. H. Johnson, 2011: An overview of SoWMEX/TiMREX. The Global Monsoon System: Research and Forecast, 2nd ed., C.-P. Chang, Ed., World Scientific, 303–318.
Kuo, Y.-H., and G. T.-J. Chen, 1990: The Taiwan area mesoscale experiment (TAMEX): An overview. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71, 488–503, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1990)071<0488:TTAMEA>2.0.CO;2.
Lin, L. X., Y. R. Feng, and Z. Huang, 2006: Technical Guidance on Weather Forecasting in Guangdong Province. China Meteorological Press, Beijing, 143–152. (in Chinese)
Liu, L., Z. Y. Ding, Y. Chang, and M. Q. Chen, 2012: Application of parameterization of orographic gravity wave drag in WRF model to mechanism analysis of a heavy rain in warm sector over South China. Meteorological Science and Technology, 42, 232–240, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-6345.2012.02.017. (in Chinese)
Liu, R. X., 2018: The statistical characteristics and mechanism of warm-sector rainfall events over South China. PhD dissertation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 122 pp.
Liu, R. X., J. H. Sun, and B. F. Chen, 2019: Selection and classification of warm-sector heavy rainfall events over South China. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 43, 119–130, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1803.17245. (in Chinese)
Liu, X., Y. L. Luo, Z. Y. Guan, and D.-L. Zhang, 2018: An extreme rainfall event in coastal South China during SCMREX-2014: Formation and roles of rainband and echo trainings. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 123, 9256–9278, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028418.
Liu, Y. J., Y. H. Ding, and N. Zhao, 2005: A study on the mesoscale convective systems during summer monsoon onset over the South China Sea in 1998: I analysis of large-scale fields for occurrence and development of meso-scale convective systems. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 63, 431–442, https://doi.org/10.11676/qxxb2005.043. (in Chinese)
Lu, R., J. H. Sun, and S. M. Fu, 2018: Influence of offshore initial moisture field and convection on the development of coastal convection in a heavy rainfall event over South China during the pre-summer rainy season. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 42, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1705.16261. (in Chinese)
Luo, Y. L., and Coauthors, 2017: The Southern China monsoon rainfall experiment (SCMREX). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 98, 999–1013, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00235.1.
Meng, Z. Y., X. J. Tang, J. Yue, L. Q. Bai, and L. Huang, 2019: Impact of EnKF surface and rawinsonde data assimilation on the simulation of the extremely heavy rainfall in Beijing on July 21, 2012. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 55, 237–245, https://doi.org/10.13209/j.0479-8023.2019.004. (in Chinese)
Miao, C. S., Y. Y. Yang, J. H. Wang, and P. Li, 2018: A comparative study on characteristics and thermo-dynamic development mechanisms of two types of warm-sector heavy rainfall along the South China coast. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 44, 494–507, https://doi.org/10.16555/j.1006-8775.2018.04.008.
Moncrieff, M. W., and C. H. Liu, 1999: Convection initiation by density currents: Role of convergence, shear, and dynamical organization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2455–2464, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2455:CIBDCR>2.0.CO;2.
Ninomiya, K., and T. Akiyama, 1971: The development of the medium-scale disturbance in the Baiu front. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 49A, 663–677, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.49A.0_663.
Ninomiya, K., T. Akiyama, and M. Ikawa, 1988: Evolution and fine structure of a long-lived meso-α-scale convective system in Baiu frontal zone. Part I: Evolution and meso-β-scale characteristics. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 66, 331–350, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.66.2_331.
Sun, J., Y. Chen, S. N. Yang, K. Dai, T. Chen, R. Yao, and J. Xu, 2012: Analysis and thinking on the extremes of the 21 July 2012 torrential rain in Beijing Part II: Preliminary causation analysis and thinking. Meteorological Monthly, 38, 1267–1277, https://doi.org/10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2012.10.013. (in Chinese)
Sun, J. H., and S. X. Zhao, 2002a: A study of mesoscale convective systems and its environmental fields during the June 1994 record heavy rainfall of South China Part I: A numerical simulation study of Meso-β convective system inducing heavy rainfall. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 26, 541–557, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2002.04.11. (in Chinese)
Sun, J. H., and S. X. Zhao, 2002b: A study of mesoscale convective systems and its environmental fields during the June 1994 record heavy rainfall in South China Part II: Effect of physical processes, initial environmental fields and topography on Meso-β convective system. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 26, 633–646, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2002.05.05. (in Chinese)
Sun, J. H., S. X. Zhao, S. M. Fu, H. J. Wang, and L. L. Zheng, 2013: Multi-scale characteristics of record heavy rainfall over Beijing area on July 21, 2012. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 37, 705–718, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2013.12202. (in Chinese)
Tao, S. Y., 1980: Rainstorms in China. Science Press, Beijing, 45–46. (in Chinese)
Tao, S. Y., and L. X. Chen, 1987: A review of recent research on the East Asian summer monsoon in China. Monsoon Meteorology, C.-P. Chang and T. N. Krishnamurti, Eds., Oxford University Press, 60–92.
Tu, C.-C., Y.-L. Chen, C.-S. Chen, P. L. Lin, and P. H. Lin, 2014: A comparison of two heavy rainfall events during the Terrain-Influenced Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (TiMREX) 2008. Mon. Wea. Rev., 142, 2436–2463, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-13-00293.1.
Tu, C.-C., Y.-L. Chen, S.-Y. Chen, Y.-H. Kuo, and P.-L. Lin, 2017: Impacts of including rain-evaporative cooling in the initial conditions on the prediction of a coastal heavy rainfall event during TiMREX. Mon. Wea. Rev., 145, 253–277, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-16-0224.1.
Wang, H., Y. L. Luo, and B. J.-D. Jou, 2014: Initiation, maintenance, and properties of convection in an extreme rainfall event during SCMREX: Observational analysis. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 13206–13232, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022339.
Wang, L. Y., Y. Chen, T. G. Xiao, S. Q. Li, and L. Ge, 2018: Statistical analysis of warm-sector rainstorm characteristics over the Southern of Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in summer. Meteorological Monthly, 44, 771–780, https://doi.org/10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2018.06.005. (in Chinese)
Wang, P. Y., Z. X. Xu, and Z. T. Pan, 1990: A case study of warm sector rainbands in North China. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 7, 354–365, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03179767.
Weckwerth, T. M., and R. M. Wakimoto, 1992: The initiation and organization of convective cells atop a cold-air outflow boundary. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2169–2187, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2169:TIAOOC>2.0.CO;2.
Wilson, J. W., and W. E. Schreiber, 1986: Initiation of convective storms at radar-observed boundary-layer convergence lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2516–2536, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<2516:IOCSAR>2.0.CO;2.
Wu, D. C., Z. Y. Meng, and D. C. Yan, 2013: The predictability of a squall line in South China on 23 April 2007. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 32, 485–502, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-012-2076-x.
Wu, M. W., and Y. L. Luo, 2016: Mesoscale observational analysis of lifting mechanism of a warm-sector convective system producing the maximal daily precipitation in China mainland during pre-summer rainy season of 2015. Journal of Meteorological Research, 32, 719–736, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-016-6089-8.
Wu, Y. L., W. G. Meng, D. H. Chen, W. S. Lin, and L. J. Zhu, 2018a: A study of the impact of initial conditions on the predict-ability of a warm-sector torrential rain over South China. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 76, 323–342, https://doi.org/10.11676/qxxb2018.001. (in Chinese)
Wu, Z. F., J. J. Cai, L. X. Lin, S. Hu, H. L. Zhang, and K. H. Wei, 2018b: Analysis of mesoscale systems and predictability of the torrential rain process in Guangzhou on 7 May 2017. Meteorological Monthly, 44, 485–499, https://doi.org/10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2018.04.002. (in Chinese)
Xia, R. D., and S. X. Zhao, 2009: Diagnosis and modeling of meso-β-scale systems of heavy rainfall in warm sector ahead of front in South China (middle part of Guangdong Province) in June 2005. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 33, 468–488, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2009.03.06. (in Chinese)
Xia, R. D., S. X. Zhao, and J. H. Sun, 2006: A study of circumstances of Meso-β-scale systems of strong heavy rainfall in warm sector ahead of fronts in South China. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 32, 988–1008, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.05.26. (in Chinese)
Xu, W. X., E. J. Zipser, Y.-L. Chen, C. T. Liu, Y. C. Liou, W. C. Lee, and B. J.-D. Jou, 2012: An orography-associated extreme rainfall event during TiMREX: Initiation, storm evolution, and maintenance. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 2555–2574, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00208.1.
Xu, Y., J.-H. Yan, Q. Q. Wang, and J.-B. Dong, 2013: A low-level gravity wave triggering mechanism for rainstorm of warm zone in South China. Plateau Meteorology, 32, 1050–1061, https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00100. (in Chinese)
Xu, Z. X., and P. Y. Wang, 1989: Mesoscale rainbands ahead of cold fronts in North China and their dynamical mechanisms. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 3, 516–525.
Xue, J. S., 1999: Study of Heavy Rainfall in the Summer of South China in 1994. China Meteorological Press, 185 pp. (in Chinese)
Xue, M., X. Luo, K. F. Zhu, Z. Q. Sun, and J. F. Fei, 2018: The controlling role of boundary layer inertial oscillations in Meiyu frontal precipitation and its diurnal cycles over China. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 123, 5090–5115, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028368.
Yu, R. C., T. J. Zhou, A. Y. Xiong, Y. J. Zhu, and J. M. Li, 2007: Diurnal variations of summer precipitation over contiguous China. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01704, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028129.
Zhang, D., Y. H. Lin, P. Zhao, X. D. Yu, S. Q Wang, H. W. Kang, and Y. H. Ding, 2013: The Beijing extreme rainfall of 21 July 2012: “Right results” but for wrong reasons. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1426–1431, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50304.
Zhang, Q. H., K.-H. Lau, H. Q. Wang, and S. J. Chen, 2000: Numerical simulation on mesoscale convective system along Mei-Yu front in southern China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 45, 2093–2096, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03183534.
Zhang, R. H., Y. Q. Ni, L. P. Liu, Y. L. Luo, and Y. H. Wang, 2011: South China heavy rainfall experiments (SCHeREX). J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 89A, 153–166, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2011-A10.
Zhang, X. B., Y. L. Luo, Q. L. Wan, W. Y Ding, and J. X. Sun, 2016: Impact of assimilating wind profiling radar observations on convection-permitting quantitative precipitation forecasts during SCMREX. Wea. Forecasting, 31, 1271–1292, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-15-0156.1.
Zhang, X. L., Y. Chen, and T. Zhang, 2012: Meso-scale convective weather analysis and severe convective weather forecasting. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 70, 642–654. (in Chinese)
Zhao, S. X., N. F. Bei, and J. H. Sun, 2007: Mesoscale analysis of a heavy rainfall event over Hong Kong during a pre-rainy season in South China. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 24, 555–572, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-007-0555-2.
Zheng, T. F., X. Yu, J. Huang, Q. L. Wan, and X. T. Liu, 2018: An observational analysis of a torrential rainstorm in the warm sector of South China coastal areas. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 24, 481–493, https://doi.org/10.16555/j.1006-8775.2018.04.007.
Zheng, Y. G., and J. Chen, 2013: A climatology of deep convection over South China and the adjacent waters during summer. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 19, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.16555/j.1006-8775.2013.01.002.
Zheng, Y. G., Y. D. Gong, J. Chen, and F. Y. Tian, 2019: Warm-season diurnal variations of total, stratiform, convective, and extreme hourly precipitation over central and eastern China. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 36, 143–159, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-7307-3.
Zhong, L. Z., R. Mu, D. L. Zhang, P. Zhao, Z. Q. Zhang, and N. Wang, 2015: An observational analysis of warm-sector rainfall characteristics associated with the 21 July 2012 Beijing extreme rainfall event. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 3274–3291, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022686.
Zhou, X. J., 2000: Study of Experiment of Heavy Rainfall Across the Taiwan Strait and its Neighbors. China Meteorological Press, 370 pp. (in Chinese)
Zhou, X. J., J. S. Xue, Z. Y. Tao, S. X. Zhao, Q. J. Yi, and B. X. Su, 2003: Study of Experiment of Heavy Rainfall Experiment in South China in 1998. China Meteorological Press, 218 pp. (in Chinese)
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41675045), National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1507200), and the Jiangxi Key Basic Research and Development Project of China (Grant No. 20171BBG70005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Article Highlights
• Recent progress in warm-sector heavy rainfall (WSHR) research in China is reviewed.
• Future avenues of research on WSHR that advance our understanding of its formation mechanisms and prediction are proposed.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, R. et al. A Review of Research on Warm-Sector Heavy Rainfall in China. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 36, 1299–1307 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-9021-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-9021-1