Abstract
We investigate the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) signal in wintertime stratospheric ozone over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia using the harmonized dataset of satellite ozone profiles. Two different MJO indices—the all-season Real-Time multivariate MJO index (RMM) and outgoing longwave radiation-based MJO index (OMI)—are used to compare the MJO-related ozone anomalies. The results show that there are pronounced eastward-propagating MJO-related stratospheric ozone anomalies (mainly within 20–200 hPa) over the subtropics. The negative stratospheric ozone anomalies are over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia in MJO phases 4–7, when MJO-related tropical deep convective anomalies move from the equatorial Indian Ocean towards the western Pacific Ocean. Compared with the results based on RMM, the MJO-related stratospheric column ozone anomalies based on OMI are stronger and one phase ahead. Further analysis suggests that different sampling errors, observation principles and retrieval algorithms may be responsible for the discrepancies among different satellite measurements. The MJO-related stratospheric ozone anomalies can be attributed to the MJO-related circulation anomalies, i.e., the uplifted tropopause and the northward shifted westerly jet in the upper troposphere. Compared to the result based on RMM, the upper tropospheric westerly jet may play a less important role in generating the stratospheric column ozone anomalies based on OMI. Our study indicates that the circulation-based MJO index (RMM) can better characterize the MJO-related anomalies in tropopause pressure and thus the MJO influence on atmospheric trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, especially over subtropical East Asia.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bertaux, J. L., and Coauthors, 2010: Global ozone monitoring by occultation of stars: An overview of GOMOS measurements on ENVISAT. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 12091–12148, doi: 10.5194/acp-10–12091-2010.
Dee, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553–597, doi: 10.1002/ qj.828.
Fischer, H., and Coauthors, 2008: MIPAS: An instrument for atmospheric and climate research. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2151–2188, doi: 10.5194/acp-8–2151-2008.
Garfinkel, C. I., S. B. Feldstein, D. W. Waugh, C. Yoo, and S. Lee, 2012: Observed connection between stratospheric sudden warmings and the Madden–Julian Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18807, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053144.
Gao, X. H., and J. L. Stanford 1990: Low-frequency oscillations in total ozone measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13797–13806.
Kiladis, G. N., J. Dias, K. H. Straub, M. C. Wheeler, S. N. Tulich, K. Kikuchi, K. M. Weickmann, and M. J. Ventrice, 2014: A comparison of OLR and circulation-based indices for tracking the MJO. Mon. Wea. Rev., 142, 1697–1715. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.1175/MWR-D-13-00301.1.
Kyröla, E., and Coauthors, 2004: GOMOS on Envisat: an overview. Advances in Space Research, 33, 1020–1028.
Lau, W. K.-M., and D. E. Waliser, 2012: Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-ocean Climate System. 2nd ed. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 581 pp.
Li, K.-F., B. Tian, D. E. Waliser, M. J. Schwartz, J. L. Neu, J. R. Worden, and Y. L. Yung, 2012: Vertical structure of MJOrelated subtropical ozone variations from MLS, TES, and SHADOZ data. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 425–436.
Liebman, B., and C. A. Smith, 1996: Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1275–1277.
Liu, C. X., Y. Liu, Z. N. Cai, S. T. Gao, D. R. Lu, and E. Kyrola, 2009: A Madden-Julian Oscillation-triggered record ozone minimum over the Tibetan Plateau in December 2003 and its association with stratospheric “low-ozone pockets”. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15830, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039025.
Liu, C. X., Y. Liu, Z. N. Cai, S. T. Gao, J. C. Bian, X. Liu, and K. Chance, 2010: Dynamic formation of extreme ozone minimum events over the Tibetan Plateau during northern winters 1987–2001. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D18311, doi: 10.1029/2009JD013130.
Liu, C. X., B. J. Tian, K.-F. Li, G. L. Manney, N. J. Liversey, Y. L. Yung, and D. E. Waliser, 2014: Northern Hemisphere mid-winter vortex-displacement and vortex-split stratospheric sudden warmings: Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 119, 12599–12620, doi: 10.1002/2014JD021876.
Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1971: Detection of a 40–50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702–708.
Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1972: Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40–50 day period. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109–1123.
Rahpoe, N., C. von Savigny, M. Weber, A. V. Rozanov, H. Bovensmann, and J. P. Burrows, 2013: Error budget analysis of SCIAMACHY limb ozone profile retrievals using the SCIATRAN model. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 6, 2825–2837, doi: 10.5194/amt-6-2825-2013.
Sabutis, J. L., J. L. Stanford, and K. P. Bowman, 1987: Evidence for 35-50 day low frequency oscillations in total ozone mapping spectrometer data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 945–947.
Sofieva, V. F., and Coauthors, 2013: Harmonized dataset of ozone profiles from satellite limb and occultation measurements. Earth System Science Data, 5, 349–363, doi: 10.5194/essd-5-349-2013.
Tamminen, J., and Coauthors, 2010: GOMOS data characterisation and error estimation. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9505–9519, doi: 10.5194/acp-10–9505-2010.
Tian, B. J., Y. L. Yung, D. E. Waliser, T. Tyranowski, L. Kuai, E. J. Fetzer, and F. W. Irion, 2007: Intraseasonal variations of the tropical total ozone and their connection to the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L08704, doi: 10.1029/2007GL029451.
Tian, B. J., D. E. Waliser, R. A. Kahn, and S. Wong, 2011: Modulation of Atlantic aerosols by the Madden-Julian Oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D15108, doi: 10.1029/2010JD015201.
Tian, B., and D. E. Waliser, 2012: Chemical and biological impacts. Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System, 2nd ed., W. K. M. Lau and D. E. Waliser, Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 569–585.
Ventrice, M. J., M. C. Wheeler, H. H. Hendon, C. J. Schreck III, C. D. Thorncroft, and G. N. Kiladis, 2013: A modified multivariate Madden-Julian Oscillation index using velocity potential. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 4197–4210, doi: 10.1175/MWR-D-12–00327.1.
Waliser, D. E., 2012: Predictability and forecasting. Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System. 2nd ed., W. K. M. Lau and D. E. Waliser, Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 433–476.
Wheeler, M. C., and H. H. Hendon, 2004: An all-season real-time multivariate MJO index: Development of an index for monitoring and prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1917–1932.
Zhang, C. D., 2005: Madden-Julian Oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 43, RG2003, doi: 10.1029/2004RG000158.
Zhang, C. D., 2013: Madden-Julian Oscillation: Bridging weather and climate. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 1849–1870.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, C. et al. Satellite measurements of the Madden–Julian oscillation in wintertime stratospheric ozone over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 32, 1481–1492 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-015-5005-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-015-5005-y