Abstract
Manure-derived biochars have a fertilizer potential as pyrolysis concentrates non-volatile nutrients. The addition of magnesium (Mg) to poultry manure enhances its Mg/Ca ratio and could increase soluble P by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Our objective was to assess the potential of PSB strains to solubilize P from both unenriched and Mg-enriched biochar and to evaluate the growth of maize in an Oxisol fertilized with biochar (100 mg kg−1 total P) to satisfy plant P needs. We examined the strains: Paraburkholderia fungorum UFLA 04–155, Pseudomonas anuradhapurensis UFPI B5-8A, Paenibacillus chondroitinus UFLA 03–116, Acinetobacter pittii UFLA 03–09, and Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899. Biochar was made from poultry manure at temperatures of 350 °C, 500 °C, and 650 °C. Maize growth and P uptake were assessed in plants after 15 and 30 days under greenhouse conditions. The strain P. anuradhapurensis UFPI B5-8A significantly released more P from Mg-biochar (82% of the total P added) than from the unenriched biochar (74% of the total P added). Furthermore, this strain released tartaric and gluconic acids when mixed with the Mg-biochar, whereas malic acid was primarily exuded when applied to unenriched biochar. Similarly, P. anuradhapurensis UFPI B5-8A inoculation or Mg enrichment resulted in a 20% increase in P uptake by maize compared to unenriched biochar. Therefore, a synergistic approach using Mg-biochar and inoculation with PSB increases phosphate availability from poultry manure and maize P use efficiency.
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Acknowledgements
The first author received a scholarship from the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES—Proex 88887.358193/2019-00) and LCA Melo, CA Silva and FMS Moreira are research fellows of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq—Processes N° 311634/2021-4, 307447/2019-7 and 310015/2021-9). This study was also funded by CAPES (PROEX AUXPE 0307/2021, FAPEMIG (CAG-RED-03300-16) and CNPq. The authors would like to thank the Central of Analysis and Chemical Prospecting of the Federal University of Lavras, and Finep, Fapemig, CNPq and Capes for supplying the equipment and technical support for experiments involving infrared analyzes and HPLC analysis. We thank Dr. Paulo Sergio Pavinato for providing the struvite samples. The authors would like to thank the Brazilian Synchrotron National Laboratory (LNNano/CNPEM) for the analysis of SEM-EDS under proposal SEM-FIB-C1-20210361. We thank Thiago Pereira, Giovanna Nunes, Lidiany Lima, Livia Botelho, Mariene Duarte and Franciane Campos to assist with the analyses. This research is associated with the National Institute of Soil Biodiversity/INCT-CNPq (406658/2022-6).
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Conceptualization: AdAL, LCAM, JL, FMdSM. Methodology: AdAL, LCAM, JL, FMdSM. Validation: AdAL, LCAM, JL, FMdSM. Investigation: AdAL, LCAM, JL, FMdSM. Formal analysis: All authors. Visualization: All authors. Writing—original draft: AdAL. Resources: LCAM, FMdSM, CAS. Supervision: LCAM, JL, FMdSM. Project administration: LCAM. Funding acquisition: LCAM, FMdSM. Writing—review & editing: All authors.
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do Amaral Leite, A., de Souza Cardoso, A.A., de Almeida Leite, R. et al. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria increase maize phosphorus uptake from magnesium-enriched poultry manure biochar. Biol Fertil Soils 60, 421–436 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01808-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01808-x