Abstract
We study biplane graphs drawn on a finite planar point set \(S\) in general position. This is the family of geometric graphs whose vertex set is \(S\) and can be decomposed into two plane graphs. We show that two maximal biplane graphs—in the sense that no edge can be added while staying biplane—may differ in the number of edges, and we provide an efficient algorithm for adding edges to a biplane graph to make it maximal. We also study extremal properties of maximal biplane graphs such as the maximum number of edges and the largest maximum connectivity over \(n\)-element point sets.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
We note that Eppstein’s algorithm does not explicitly construct the intersection graph \(G_X\), which may have \(\Omega (m^2)\) edges.
References
Abellanas, M., García, A., Hurtado, F., Tejel, J., Urrutia, J.: Augmenting the connectivity of geometric graphs. Comput. Geom. Theory Appl. 40(3), 220–230 (2008)
Ajtai, M., Chvátal, V., Newborn, M.M., Szemerédi, E.: Crossing-free subgraphs. Ann. Discret. Math. 12, 9–12 (1982)
Al-Jubeh, M., Barequet, G., Ishaque, M., Souvaine, D.L., Tóth, C.D., Winslow, A.: Constrained tri-connected planar straight line graphs. In: Pach, J. (ed.) Thirty Essays on Geometric Graph Theory, pp. 49–70. Springer, New York (2013)
Al-Jubeh, M., Ishaque, M., Rédei, K., Souvaine, D.L., Tóth, C.D., Valtr, P.: Augmenting the edge connectivity of planar straight line graphs to three. Algorithmica 61(4), 971–999 (2011)
Barnette, D.: On generating planar graphs. Discret. Math. 7, 199–208 (1974)
Beineke, L.W.: Biplanar Graphs: a survey. Comput. Math. Appl. 34(11), 1–8 (1997)
Brinkmann, G., Goedgebeur, J., McKay, B.D.: The generation of fullerenes. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 52(11), 2910–2918 (2012)
Chartrand, G., Lesniak, L.: Graphs and Digraphs. Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (2005)
Dillencourt, M.B., Eppstein, D., Hirschberg, D.S.: Geometric thickness of complete graphs. J. Graph Algorithms Appl. 4(3), 5–17 (2000)
Doslic, T.: Cyclical edge-connectivity of fullerene graphs and \((k, 6)\)-cages. J. Math. Chem. 33, 103–112 (2003)
Eades, P., Hong, S.-H., Liotta, G., Poon, S.-H.: Fáry’s theorem for 1-planar graphs. In: Proceedings of 18th COCOON, LNCS 7434, pp. 335–346. Springer, New York (2012)
Eppstein, D.: Testing bipartiteness of geometric intersection graphs. ACM Trans. Algorithms 5(2), article 15 (2009)
Fáry, I.: On straight-line representation of planar graphs. Acta Sci. Math. (Szeged) 11, 229–233 (1948)
García, A., Hurtado, F., Korman, M., Matos, I., Saumell, M., Silveira, R.I., Tejel, J., Tóth, C.D.: Geometric biplane graphs I: maximal graphs. Extended abstract. In: Proceedings of Mexican conference on discrete mathematics and computational geometry, Oaxaca, México, pp. 123–134 (2013)
García, A., Hurtado, F., Korman, M., Matos, I., Saumell, M., Silveira, R.I., Tejel, J., Tóth, C.D.: Geometric biplane graphs II: graph augmentation. Extended abstract. In: Proceedings of Mexican conference on discrete mathematics and computational geometry, Oaxaca, México, pp. 223–234 (2013)
Giménez, O., Noy, M.: Asymptotic enumeration and limit laws of planar graphs. J. AMS 22(2), 309–329 (2009)
Hoffmann, M., Schulz, A., Sharir, M., Sheffer, A., Tóth, C.D., Welzl, E.: Counting plane graphs: flippability and its applications. In: Pach, J. (ed.) Thirty Essays on Geometric Graph Theory, pp. 303–326. Springer, New York (2013)
Hurtado, F., Tóth, C.D.: Plane geometric graph augmentation: a generic perspective. In: Pach, J. (ed.) Thirty Essays on Geometric Graph Theory, pp. 327–354. Springer, New York (2013)
Hutchinson, J.P., Shermer, T.C., Vince, A.: On representations of some thickness-two graphs. Comput. Geom. Theory Appl. 13, 161–171 (1999)
Korzhik, V.P., Mohar, B.: Minimal obstructions for 1-immersions and hardness of 1-planarity testing. In: Proceedings of 16th graph drawing, LNCS 5417, pp. 302–312. Springer, New York (2009)
Lee, D.T., Lin, A.K.: Generalized Delaunay triangulation for planar graphs. Discret. Comput. Geom. 1, 201–217 (1986)
Rutter, I., Wolff, A.: Augmenting the connectivity of planar and geometric graphs. J. Graph Algorithms Appl. 16(2), 599–628 (2012)
Sharir, M., Sheffer, A.: Counting triangulations of planar point sets. Electron. J. Comb. 18(1), 1–74 (2011)
Tóth, C.D.: Connectivity augmentation in planar straight line graphs. Eur. J. Comb. 33(3), 408–425 (2012)
Acknowledgments
A. G., F. H., M. K., R.I. S. and J. T. were partially supported by ESF EUROCORES Programme EuroGIGA, CRP ComPoSe: Grant EUI-EURC-2011-4306, and by Project MINECO MTM2012-30951/FEDER. F. H., and R.I. S. were also supported by Project Gen. Cat. DGR 2009SGR1040. A. G. and J. T. were also supported by Project E58-DGA. M. K. was supported by the Secretary for Universities and Research of the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia and the European Union. I. M. was supported by FEDER funds through COMPETE–Operational Programme Factors of Competitiveness, CIDMA and FCT within project PEst-C/MAT/UI4106/2011 with COMPETE number FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-022690. M. S. was supported by the Project NEXLIZ - CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0038, which is co-financed by the European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic, and by ESF EuroGIGA Project ComPoSe as F.R.S.-FNRS—EUROGIGA NR 13604. R. S. was funded by Portuguese Funds through CIDMA (Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications) and FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), within Project PEst-OE/MAT/UI4106/2014, and by FCT Grant SFRH/BPD/88455/2012.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
A preliminary version of this paper has been presented at the Mexican Conference on Discrete Mathematics and Computational Geometry, Oaxaca, México, November 2013 [14].
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
García, A., Hurtado, F., Korman, M. et al. Geometric Biplane Graphs I: Maximal Graphs. Graphs and Combinatorics 31, 407–425 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00373-015-1546-1
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00373-015-1546-1