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The Santo Antônio Bank: a high-resolution seismic study of a deflected ebb-tidal delta located at the entrance of a large tropical bay, eastern Brazil

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Abstract

The Santo Antônio Bank (SAB) is a large sand accumulation on the inner continental shelf of Salvador City, next to Todos os Santos Bay (TSB) entrance, eastern Brazilian coast. Since the sixteenth century, chroniclers report this feature as a navigational hazard. Previous studies have tried to determine the origin and volume of sands stored within this feature without success. In the present study, high-resolution shallow seismic surveys were used to investigate the architecture, origin, and evolution of the SAB. One hundred seventy kilometers of high resolution shallow seismic lines was acquired during December 2014 and February 2015 using a Meridata® sparker system operating on frequencies between 0.3 and 1.5 kHz, with a maximum 200 J of energy. Three major stratigraphic units were identified: the bedrock, a transgressive unit, and a highstand unit. The bedrock comprises sedimentary rocks of the Northern Camamu Sedimentary Basin and high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Precambrian basement. The transgressive unit is interpreted as the result of deposition in an estuarine environment infilling incised valleys. The highstand unit represents the SAB itself. A well-preserved proto-bank exists at the core of the SAB marking the early stages of bank development. This proto-bank drowned in place possibly during the 8.2-ka event. Present-day SAB and tidal prism volumes show that the bank reached a maturity phase of development. The volume of siliciclastic sands stored in the SAB is 5.98 × 108 m3. The SAB is potentially a major source of sands for beach nourishment for the urban beaches of the city of Salvador and metropolitan area, thus increasing the resilience of the city to future sea-level rises.

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Acknowledgments

Ana Clara Coni e Mello, José Maria Landim Dominguez, and Luis Antonio Pereira de Souza thank CNPq, respectively, for their Master’s and Research Productivity fellowships. The authors also thank the Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas de São Paulo (IPT) and the New Talents (NOVOS TALENTOS) program. The comments of two anonymous reviewers helped to improve quality of the manuscript.

Funding

This study is a contribution of inctAmbTropic—Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology for Tropical Marine Environments, inctAmbTropic, CNPq/FAPESB Processes: 565054/2010-4, 8936/2011 and 465634/2014-1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Estudos Costeiros, INCT AmbTropic, Universidade Federal da Bahia - Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil

    Ana Clara Coni e Mello & José Maria Landim Dominguez

  2. Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas de São Paulo (IPT)., Av. Almeida Prado. 532, Cidade Universitária Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil

    Luiz Antonio Pereira de Souza

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  1. Ana Clara Coni e Mello
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Correspondence to José Maria Landim Dominguez.

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Coni e Mello, A., Dominguez, J.M.L. & de Souza, L.A.P. The Santo Antônio Bank: a high-resolution seismic study of a deflected ebb-tidal delta located at the entrance of a large tropical bay, eastern Brazil. Geo-Mar Lett 40, 965–975 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-019-00624-9

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