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Erosional and depositional contourite features at the transition between the western Scotia Sea and southern South Atlantic Ocean: links with regional water-mass circulation since the Middle Miocene

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to characterise the morpho-sedimentary features and main stratigraphic stacking pattern off the Tierra del Fuego continental margin, the north-western sector of the Scotia Sea abyssal plain (Yaghan Basin) and the Malvinas/Falkland depression, based on single- and multi-channel seismic profiles. Distinct contourite features were identified within the sedimentary record from the Middle Miocene onwards. Each major drift developed in a water depth range coincident with a particular water mass, contourite terraces on top of some of these drifts being associated with interfaces between water masses. Two major palaeoceanographic changes were identified. One took place in the Middle Miocene with the onset of Antarctic Intermediate Water flow and the enhancement of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) flow, coevally with the onset of Weddell Sea Deep Water flow in the Scotia Sea. Another palaeoceanographic change occurred on the abyssal plain of the Yaghan Basin in the Late Miocene as a consequence of the onset of Southeast Pacific Deep Water flow and its complex interaction with the lower branch of the CDW. Interestingly, these two periods of change in bottom currents are coincident with regional tectonic episodes, as well as climate and Antarctic ice sheet oscillations. The results convincingly demonstrate that the identification of contourite features on the present-day seafloor and within the sedimentary record is the key for decoding the circulation of water masses in the past. Nevertheless, further detailed studies, especially the recovery of drill cores, are necessary to establish a more robust chronology of the evolutionary stages at the transition between the western Scotia Sea and the southern South Atlantic Ocean.

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Acknowledgements

L.F.P. acknowledges a JAE predoctoral studentship from CSIC, and the IAS Postgraduate Grant Scheme for providing travel support. We thank colleagues from the University of Buenos Aires for assistance, and colleagues from the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS) of Trieste for seismic processing of TM data. This work forms part of ongoing projects CTM2008-06386-C02/ANT and CTM2011-30241-C02, with links to projects CTM2012-39599-C03, IGCP-619 and INQUA 1204. It was part-funded by the COMPASS consortium, and done in collaboration with the Continental Margins Research Group of the Royal Holloway University of London. We acknowledge John Wiley & Sons for permission to reuse Figure 4a from Koenitz et al. (2008). We thank two anonymous reviewers and the editors for constructive comments which helped improve the paper.

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  1. Lara F. Pérez

    Present address: Geophysical Department, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øester Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, Avda. de las Palmeras 4, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain

    Lara F. Pérez & Andrés Maldonado

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK

    F. Javier Hernández-Molina

  3. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Ambientales, Aplicadas, Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Federico D. Esteban & Alejandro Tassone

  4. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval, Montes de Oca 2124, Buenos Aires, C1270ABV, Argentina

    Alberto R. Piola & Roberto A. Violante

  5. Chevron Upstream Europe, Chevron North Sea Ltd, Seafield House, Aberdeen, AB15 6XL, UK

    Benedict Preu

  6. Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, 34010, Sgonico, Trieste, Italy

    Emanuele Lodolo

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Pérez, L.F., Hernández-Molina, F.J., Esteban, F.D. et al. Erosional and depositional contourite features at the transition between the western Scotia Sea and southern South Atlantic Ocean: links with regional water-mass circulation since the Middle Miocene. Geo-Mar Lett 35, 271–288 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-015-0406-6

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