Abstract
This study investigated the potential effects of exercise on the responses of energy metabolism, redox balance maintenance, and apoptosis regulation in Drosophila melanogaster to shed more light on the mechanisms underlying the increased performance that this emerging exercise model provides. Three groups were evaluated for seven days: the control (no exercise or locomotor limitations), movement-limited flies (MLF) (no exercise, with locomotor limitations), and EXE (with exercise, no locomotor limitations). The EXE flies demonstrated greater endurance-like tolerance in the swimming test, associated with increased citrate synthase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactate levels, and metabolic markers in exercise. Notably, the EXE protocol regulated the Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway, which was associated with decreased Hsp70 activation, culminating in glutathione turnover regulation. Moreover, reducing the locomotion environment in the MLF group decreased endurance-like tolerance and did not alter citrate synthase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity, or lactate levels. The MLF treatment promoted a pro-oxidant effect, altering the Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway and increasing Hsp70 levels, leading to a poorly-regulated glutathione system. Lastly, we demonstrated that exercise could modulate major metabolic responses in Drosophila melanogaster aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, associated with apoptosis and cellular redox balance maintenance in an emergent exercise model.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the financial support received from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (308120/2020-5), the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) (PQG 19/2551-0001913-0), and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)—Financial Code 001 for the support and research grants provided. We would also like to thank Atlas Assessoria Linguística for language editing.
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MMMD and MP designed the study. MMMD, SMA, and VCB performed the biochemical analysis. MMMD, SMA, VCB, SPM, FRM, EASM, and LBM conducted behavioral tests. MMMD analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. GPG and MP provided the main resources. MMMD, GPG, and MP revised the manuscript. All authors contributed substantially to the study and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Dahleh, M.M.M., Araujo, S.M., Bortolotto, V.C. et al. The implications of exercise in Drosophila melanogaster: insights into Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway associated with Hsp70 regulation in redox balance maintenance. J Comp Physiol B 193, 479–493 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-023-01505-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-023-01505-5