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Differences in the regulatory mechanism of blood flow in the orofacial area mediated by neural and humoral systems

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Abstract

Marked blood flow (BF) changes mediated by the autonomic neural and humoral systems may be important for orofacial hemodynamics and functions. However, it remains questionable whether differences in the autonomic vasomotor responses mediated by neural and humoral systems exist in the orofacial area. This study examined whether there are differences in changes in the BF and vascular conductance (VC) between the masseter muscle and lower lip mediated by autonomic neural and humoral systems in urethane-anesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation of the central cut end of the lingual nerve elicited BF increases in the masseter (mainly cholinergic) and lower lip (mainly non-cholinergic), accompanied by an increase in arterial blood pressure (ABP), while cervical sympathetic trunk stimulation consistently decreased BF at both sites. The lingual nerve stimulation induced a biphasic change in the VC in the masseter, consisting of an initial decrease and a successive increase. This decrease in VC was positively correlated with changes in ABP and diminished by guanethidine. Cervical vagus nerve stimulation also induced BF increases at both sites; the increases were greater in the masseter than in the lower lip. Adrenal nerve stimulation and isoproterenol administration induced BF increases in the masseter but not in the lower lip. These results indicate that cholinergic parasympathetic-mediated hemodynamics evoked by trigeminal somatosensory inputs are closely related to ABP changes. The sympathetic nervous system, including the sympathoadrenal system and visceral inputs, may be more involved in hemodynamics in the muscles than in epithelial tissues in the orofacial area.

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(Modified from Ishii et al. 2010). Photograph showing the stimulation site (arrowheads) of the left cervical vagus nerve in a supine rat. Scale bar represents 3 mm. B Typical examples of the effects of electrical stimulation of the left cervical vagus nerve for 20 s with 100 μA at 20 Hz using 2-ms pulses (CVN stim.) on the BF and VC in the masseter muscle and lower lip on the left side, and ABP. C Mean ± SEM of ΔBF and ΔVC in the masseter muscle (black bars) and lower lip (white bars) evoked by cervical vagus nerve stimulation (n = 5 in each group). The statistical significance of the differences from the base value without the stimulation was analyzed by paired t-test (*P < 0.05). A significant difference between data sets (P < 0.05) is indicated above the appropriate square bracket (unpaired t-test)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan

    Ratna Ramadhani, Toshiya Sato & Hisayoshi Ishii

  2. Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan

    Yunosuke Okada

  3. Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan

    Hanako Ohke

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  1. Ratna Ramadhani
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Correspondence to Hisayoshi Ishii.

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Ramadhani, R., Sato, T., Okada, Y. et al. Differences in the regulatory mechanism of blood flow in the orofacial area mediated by neural and humoral systems. J Comp Physiol B 193, 109–124 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-022-01470-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-022-01470-5

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