Abstract
Seasonal metabolic changes can be observed in many anurans’ species. In subtropical environments with environmental temperatures variations, the temperature is a factor that can influence the extent and intensity of activity in many anuran species. Nonetheless, some species of subtropical frogs may remain active throughout the year. Boana pulchella, a subtropical species, seems to be able to survive low temperatures and remain reproductively active even in the coldest months. Therefore, we hypothesized that B. pulchella presents seasonal changes in the energy metabolism to sustain activity during all year. This study evaluated the main energy substrate levels and metabolism of B. pulchella in plasma, liver and muscle of male individuals collected in winter, spring, summer and fall in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Our results showed that B. pulchella has a higher glycolytic oxidation rate in liver (P = 0.0152) and muscle (P = 0.0003) and higher glycogenesis from glucose in muscle (P = 0.0002) in summer, indicating the main energy substrates in this season is glucose. The higher muscle glycogen (P = 0.0008) and lower plasma glucose in fall (P = 0.0134) may indicate an anticipatory regulation for storing to the most thermally demanding cold period: winter. These results indicated seasonal differences in the main energy substrates, and these metabolic changes among seasons can be part of a metabolic adjustment allowing maintenance of reproductive activity all year in Boana pulchella species.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to all LaMEC members and Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul for support research and helping with the laboratory works. We thank to Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula (FLONA-SFP) crew, specially to Edenice Brandão Avila de Souza, and Estação Experimental Agronômica—EEA—UFRGS for permitted the collecting frogs in these fields.
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This study was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq through a master’s grant awarded to the first author (process #130967/2018-1).
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MA, PC and LCK conceived the study. MA and PC provided resources to collect animals. MA, DH and PC collected the animals. MA, MCVD, RO and LCK processed the materials and analysed the data. MA wrote the manuscript and MLMF and LCK revised. All the authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
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de Amaral, M., Von Dentz, M.C., Ohlweiler, R. et al. Seasonal variations in the intermediate metabolism in South American tree-frog Boana pulchella. J Comp Physiol B 192, 297–311 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-021-01420-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-021-01420-7