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Vortex dynamics in a normally impinging planar jet

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Abstract

The flow development of a jet issued from a high-aspect ratio slot nozzle impinging on a flat plate is investigated experimentally. Time-resolved, two-component particle image velocimetry is used to characterize the flow for Reynolds numbers based on slot width and streamwise jet centerline velocity of 3000 and 6000, and impingement height ratios of 2 and 4. A quantitative description of the vortex dynamics is provided and the effects of Reynolds number and impingement height on the vortex evolution are characterized for the experimental conditions investigated. Primary vortices are shed in a highly periodic manner with strengths that scale with Reynolds number. Primary vortex merging is observed in the wall-jet region for all test conditions while increasing the impingement height ratio from 2 to 4 causes vortex merging to also occur in the free-jet region. Passage of single and merged primary vortices induces the formation of secondary vortices along the impingement surface, though the shedding frequencies of these secondary structures exhibit higher variability than that of the primary vortices. The secondary vortices are similar in strength to the primary vortices for a Reynolds number of 3000, but their relative circulation is decreased at a Reynolds number of 6000. Secondary vortex shedding at the lower Reynolds number leads to a higher growth rate of the wall-jet half-width due to pairing with primary vortices and subsequent ejection away from the surface, which is not found at the higher Reynolds number investigated.

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Abbreviations

\({\Gamma }\) :

Circulation (m2 s−1)

\(\omega _{\text{ z }}\) :

Spanwise vorticity (\(\hbox {s}^{-1}\))

\({\tilde{u}}^*\), \({\tilde{v}}^*\) :

Bandpass filtered velocity fluctuations tangent and normal to the shear layer trajectory (\(\hbox {m s}^{-1}\))

\({\vec {U}}\) :

Velocity vector field with components U and V (\(\hbox {m s}^{-1}\))

B :

nozzle exit width (\(\hbox {m}\))

\(C_x\), \(C_y\) :

x and y location of vortex centroid (\(\hbox {m}\))

D :

nozzle exit diameter (\(\hbox {m}\))

f :

frequency (Hz)

H :

Distance between the jet exit plane and the impingement surface (\(\hbox {m}\))

K :

Turbulent kinetic energy (\(\hbox {m}^{2}\hbox {s}^{-2}\))

n, t :

Direction tangent and nor mal to shear layer trajectory (\(\hbox {m}\))

P :

Turbulence production (\(\hbox {m}^{2}\hbox {s}^{-3}\))

u, v :

Fluctuating x and y component velocity (\(\hbox {m s}^{-1}\))

U,V :

x and y component velocity (\(\hbox {m s}^{-1}\))

\(u^*\), \(v^*\) :

Velocity fluctuations tangent and normal to the shear layer trajectory (\(\hbox {m s}^{-1}\))

\(u^\prime \), \(v^\prime \) :

Root mean square of the x and y component velocity (\(\hbox {m s}^{-1}\))

\(U_{\text{ m }}\) :

Maximum streamwise velocity in the wall-jet velocity profile (\(\hbox {m s}^{-1}\))

\(V_{\text{ c }}\) :

Streamwise velocity at the nozzle exit center (\(\hbox {m s}^{-1}\))

x, y :

Direction parallel and normal to impinging surface (\(\hbox {m}\))

\(y_{\text{ m }}\) :

Wall-normal distance where the streamwise velocity is a maximum for a wall jet (\(\hbox {m}\))

\(y_{1/2}\) :

Wall-normal distance where the streamwise velocity is \(0.5U_{\text{ m }}\) for a wall jet (\(\hbox {m}\))

z :

Spanwise direction for nozzle (\(\hbox {m}\))

\(\mathrm {Re}_B\) :

Reynolds number based on nozzle width (\(V_cB/\nu \))

\(\mathrm {St}_B\) :

Strouhal number based on nozzle width (\(fB/V_{\text{c}}\))

\(t^*\) :

Dimensionless time (\(tV_{\text{ c }}/B\))

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE), and Suncor Energy for funding this work. The authors kindly acknowledge the contribution of Jeffrey McClure in developing the vortex identification routine.

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  1. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada

    Supun Pieris, Xueqing Zhang, Serhiy Yarusevych & Sean D. Peterson

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  1. Supun Pieris
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Correspondence to Serhiy Yarusevych.

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Pieris, S., Zhang, X., Yarusevych, S. et al. Vortex dynamics in a normally impinging planar jet. Exp Fluids 60, 84 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-019-2728-z

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