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Effects of metabolic syndrome on renal stone progression

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Abstract

Purpose

Studies on howmetabolic syndrome affects renal stone progression in untreated asymptomatic patients are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the effect of metabolic syndrome on changes in renal stone size.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analyzed 820 patients with renal stones incidentally detected on CT during regular health examinations and who underwent follow-up CT evaluations for > 1 year. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of metabolic syndrome. Changes in stone size during the follow-up were assessed, and differences were compared according to various factors. Predictors of stone size change on CT were assessed using linear regression analysis.

Results

Overall, 820 asymptomatic patients without a history of stone treatments and with a mean follow-up of 52.4 months were included. Of these, 104 (12.7%) had metabolic syndrome and 335 (40.9%) showed stone size increase during the follow-up. The stone size at diagnosis was not significantly different between patients with and without metabolic syndrome (225.3 ± 332.6 vs. 183.9 ± 310.2 mm3, p = 0.159); however, a significant difference was observed in the change in stone size at follow-up (148.5 ± 352.0 vs. 81.5 ± 222.4 mm3, p = 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that age (β = − 0.11; − 5.92 to −0.69; p = 0.013), fasting glucose level ≥ 100 mg/dl (β = 0.11; 9.78–99.73; p = 0.017), and metabolic syndrome (β = 0.10; 9.78–99.73; p = 0.017) were factors predictive of stone size changes.

Conclusion

Metabolic syndrome, fasting glucose level ≥ 100 mg/dl and young age are positively related to renal stone size changes. Therefore, periodic follow-up and metabolic syndrome management are required in asymptomatic patients with renal stones, especially in young age.

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Funding

This work was supported by an Ulsan University Hospital research grant (UUH-2021-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Korea

    Myeong Chan Park, Ji Hyung Yoon, Sejun Park, Seong Cheol Kim, Sungchan Park, Kyung Hyun Moon, Sang Hyeon Cheon & Taekmin Kwon

Authors
  1. Myeong Chan Park
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  2. Ji Hyung Yoon
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  3. Sejun Park
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  4. Seong Cheol Kim
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  5. Sungchan Park
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  6. Kyung Hyun Moon
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  7. Sang Hyeon Cheon
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  8. Taekmin Kwon
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Contributions

MCP: data collection and manuscript writing. JHY: data collection. SP: data collection. SCK: data collection. SP: data collection. KHM: data collection. SHC: data collection. TK: protocol/project development, data analysis, and manuscript writing/editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Taekmin Kwon.

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All the procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Since clinical data, including patient information and laboratory test results, were retrospectively obtained and analyzed, the requirement for informed consent was waived.

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Park, M.C., Yoon, J.H., Park, S. et al. Effects of metabolic syndrome on renal stone progression. World J Urol 40, 1845–1851 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-022-04047-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-022-04047-7

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