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Follow-up of negative MRI-targeted prostate biopsies: when are we missing cancer?

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World Journal of Urology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has improved clinicians’ ability to detect clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Combining or fusing these images with the real-time imaging of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) allows urologists to better sample lesions with a targeted biopsy (Tbx) leading to the detection of greater rates of csPCa and decreased rates of low-risk PCa. In this review, we evaluate the technical aspects of the mpMRI-guided Tbx procedure to identify possible sources of error and provide clinical context to a negative Tbx.

Methods

A literature search was conducted of possible reasons for false-negative TBx. This includes discussion on false-positive mpMRI findings, termed “PCa mimics,” that may incorrectly suggest high likelihood of csPCa as well as errors during Tbx resulting in inexact image fusion or biopsy needle placement.

Results

Despite the strong negative predictive value associated with Tbx, concerns of missed disease often remain, especially with MR-visible lesions. This raises questions about what to do next after a negative Tbx result. Potential sources of error can arise from each step in the targeted biopsy process ranging from “PCa mimics” or technical errors during mpMRI acquisition to failure to properly register MRI and TRUS images on a fusion biopsy platform to technical or anatomic limits on needle placement accuracy.

Conclusions

A better understanding of these potential pitfalls in the mpMRI-guided Tbx procedure will aid interpretation of a negative Tbx, identify areas for improving technical proficiency, and improve both physician understanding of negative Tbx and patient-management options.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute, and the Center for Interventional Oncology. NIH and Philips Healthcare have a cooperative research and development agreement. NIH and Philips share intellectual property in the field. This research was also made possible through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Medical Research Scholars Program, a public–private partnership supported jointly by the NIH and generous contributions to the Foundation for the NIH from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Genentech, the American Association for Dental Research, the Colgate-Palmolive Company, Elsevier, alumni of student research programs, and other individual supporters via contributions to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Building 10, Room 1-5950, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Samuel A. Gold, Graham R. Hale, Jonathan B. Bloom, Kareem N. Rayn, Vladimir Valera & Peter A. Pinto

  2. Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Clayton P. Smith, Peter L. Choyke & Baris Turkbey

  3. Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Bradford J. Wood

Authors
  1. Samuel A. Gold
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  2. Graham R. Hale
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  3. Jonathan B. Bloom
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  4. Clayton P. Smith
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  5. Kareem N. Rayn
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  6. Vladimir Valera
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  7. Bradford J. Wood
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  8. Peter L. Choyke
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  9. Baris Turkbey
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  10. Peter A. Pinto
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Contributions

SA Gold: Project development, Data analysis, Manuscript writing/editing, Background research. GR Hale: Manuscript writing/editing, Background research. JB Bloom: Project development, Manuscript writing/editing, Background research. CP Smith: Data collection, Background research. KN Rayn: Background research. V Valera: Manuscript editing. BJ Wood: Project development, Manuscript editing. PL Choyke: Project development, Manuscript editing. B Turkbey: Project development, Data collection, Manuscript editing. PA Pinto: Project development, Data collection, Manuscript editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter A. Pinto.

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Gold, S.A., Hale, G.R., Bloom, J.B. et al. Follow-up of negative MRI-targeted prostate biopsies: when are we missing cancer?. World J Urol 37, 235–241 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2337-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2337-0

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