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Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Morphophysiological Responses and Secondary Metabolism in Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) Under Different Water Regimes

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Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the morphophysiological responses and production and composition dynamics of essential oils (EOs) in Lippia alba plants subjected to different water treatments. Cuttings of L. alba were planted in sterile soils either with or without AMF spores. Sixty days after planting, the plants were subjected to two water regimes: hydrated (75%) and water deficit (WD, 25%) for 60 days. Growth evaluations, gas exchanges, biochemical and morphophysiological analyses, and content and composition of the EOs were carried out. WD reduced the production of root biomass, stomatal density, water use efficiency, root/leaf biomass ratio, specific leaf area, leaf phosphorus content, and levels of photosynthetic pigments. It increased leaf temperature, antioxidant enzyme activity, and osmolyte accumulation in leaves and roots. In contrast, the association of AMF in plants under the WD regime promoted an increase in root biomass, specific leaf area, leaf relative water content, levels of photosynthetic pigments, leaf accumulation of carbohydrates, and content of EOs. WD and mycorrhization influenced the production of EO compounds, favoring the production of sesquiterpenes over the reduction of monoterpenes. The results showed that the beneficial action of AMF was greater when plants were under WD than when hydrated. Thus, WD promotes morphophysiological changes in L. alba. However, mycorrhization increases the tolerance, production, and composition of EOs in plants under water restriction. Therefore, AMF can be considered bioprotective in plants under water restriction and an enhancer of EO production.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Mr. Wellington Carneiro and Mr. Dário Primo for their help in carrying out the laboratory analyses. We are also grateful to Dr. Leonor Maia for the structural support for the multiplication of the spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

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No funding was received for conducting this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900, Recife-PE, Brasil

    Luiz Palhares Neto, Leonardo Silva-Santos, Lindomar Maria de Souza, Natália Corte-Real, Cláudio Augusto Gomes Camara, Marcilio Martins Moraes & Cláudia Ulisses

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Rua Professor Antônio Campos, s/n, Mossoró/RN, CEP: 59600-000, Mossoró-RN, Brasil

    Marciana Bizerra de Morais

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernanbuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brasil

    Inácio Pascoal Monte Júnior

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  1. Luiz Palhares Neto
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  2. Leonardo Silva-Santos
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  3. Lindomar Maria de Souza
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  9. Cláudia Ulisses
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Contributions

LPN: conducting the research, including the experiments, analyses, and writing of the article. LS-S: Conducting the experiments and physiological analyses. LS and MM: Biochemical analyses and writing. NC-R: gas exchange analysis. IMJ: multiplication of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and analysis of mycorrhizal colonization. CC and MM: Extraction and identification of essential oil compounds. CU: Orientation throughout the research, analysis, and writing of the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Luiz Palhares Neto.

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Palhares Neto, L., Silva-Santos, L., de Souza, L.M. et al. Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Morphophysiological Responses and Secondary Metabolism in Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) Under Different Water Regimes. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 827–841 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10589-2

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