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Emergence and Seedling Establishment of Rice Varieties at Different Sowing Depths

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Abstract

Direct seeding of rice is an efficient and labor-saving planting method. Deep sowing during direct seeding may benefit rice, although it will influence seed germination and seedling establishment. In a pot experiment, thirty rice varieties were grown under two different sowing depths (0 cm and 2.5 cm) under dry-seeded conditions, and the germination rate and seedling establishment parameters were measured. The results showed that the seed germination rate and seedling emergence rate were higher than 90% at the 0 cm sowing depth, while under deep sowing, the seed germination rate, and seedling emergence rate were 77.70% and 50.97%, respectively. Rice varieties with seedling establishment rates > 80% and better growth under deep-sowing conditions were identified. In addition, variety, sowing depth, and their interaction significantly affected seedling establishment parameters. Parameters, such as the seed germination rate, seedling emergence rate, prophyll leaf length, first leaf sheath length, and first leaf length, which are highly related to sowing depth, were analyzed. The seedling rate was significantly positively associated with the seed germination rate, mesocotyl length, root length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and total fresh weight under deep sowing. An approach for screening rice varieties with tolerance to deep sowing is proposed.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the funding provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601244) and the projects funded by the Modern Agricultural Industry and Technology System in Jiangxi Province (JXARS-21). We would like to thank Pingshan Fan, Siren Cheng, and Haowen Luo for their help with the measurements.

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Author notes

  1. Wenjing Yang, Daitianshu Xu and Shuying Li have equally contributes to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Wenjing Yang, Daitianshu Xu, Shuying Li, Xiangru Tang, Shenggang Pan & Zhaowen Mo

  2. College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

    Xiongfei Chen

  3. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Xiangru Tang, Shenggang Pan & Zhaowen Mo

  4. Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Xiangru Tang, Shenggang Pan & Zhaowen Mo

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  1. Wenjing Yang
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Contributions

ZM designed the experiments; WY, DX, and SL investigated the traits, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; ZM, XT, SP, and XC revised and edited the manuscript. XT was the leader of our research team. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xiongfei Chen or Zhaowen Mo.

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Yang, W., Xu, D., Li, S. et al. Emergence and Seedling Establishment of Rice Varieties at Different Sowing Depths. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 1672–1686 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10408-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10408-0

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