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Increasing Rice Allelopathy by Induction of Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) Root Exudates

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Abstract

An allelopathic rice PI312777 and a non-allelopathic rice Lemont were hydroponically cultured and treated with extracts of seeds and tissues and root exudates of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli, BYG) to induce an allelopathic response. The results of bioassays showed that the % inhibition of two rice leaf extracts was significantly (p < 0.05) increased by treatment with BYG root exudates. This induced trait was dosage- and time-dependent. The highest % inhibition for both PI312777 and Lemont was obtained following treatment with 15 mL of BYG root exudates for 2 days. Under these conditions, total allelopathy (TA) values of PI312777 on root length, plant height, and plant dry weight of BYG were 73.39, 68.01, and 70.42%, respectively, and induced allelopathy (IA) values were 21.53, 17.04, and 16.62%, respectively, accounting for 24–29% of TA. Correspondingly, TA values of Lemont were 28.38, 21.38, and 23.38%, respectively, and IA values were 14.49, 11.37, and 12.11%, respectively, accounting for 51–53% of TA. The % inhibition of two rice culture solutions was in agreement with the results of their leaf extracts. The total contents of 7 phenolic acids in the culture solutions of PI312777 and Lemont were 2.18 and 1.47 times, respectively, as much as those in the control solutions. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene in PI312777 leaves was significantly up-regulated after induction treatments. The results indicated that rice allelopathy is a chemical induction mechanism, and confirmed that chemical induction to raise rice allelopathy is a practical and feasible method.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fund (31370380) of China, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovative Center for Germplasm Resources and Cultivation of Crop (FJ 2011 Program, No. 2015-75) and "Excellent initiative" for graduate students, and Key Program of Ecology (cxtd 12007, 6112c0601) of Fujian Province.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Cangshan District Shangxiadian Road No. 15, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Qi Zhang, Li Li, Jiayu Li, Haibin Wang, Changxun Fang, Xiaoyan Yang & Haibin He

  2. Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Jiayu Li, Changxun Fang & Haibin He

  3. College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China

    Haibin Wang

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  1. Qi Zhang
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Correspondence to Haibin He.

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Zhang, Q., Li, L., Li, J. et al. Increasing Rice Allelopathy by Induction of Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) Root Exudates. J Plant Growth Regul 37, 745–754 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-017-9770-y

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