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The adjoint-based Two Oceans One Sea State Estimate (TOOSSE)

  • Physics
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Abstract

An eddy-resolving four-dimensional variational (adjoint) data assimilation and state estimate was constructed for the low- to mid-latitude Pacific, Indian Oceans, and South China Sea based on the framework of “Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Oceans (ECCO)”. It is named as the Two Oceans One Sea State Estimate (TOOSSE). It fits a model to a number of modern observations of 2015–2016, including the Argo float temperature and salinity, satellite altimetric sea surface anomalies, by adjusting initial temperature and salinity, sea surface boundary conditions, and background diapycnal diffusivities. In total, ∼50% of the original model-data misfits have been eliminated, and the estimated state agreed well with a variety of independent observations at meso- to large scales, and on the intra-seasonal to interannual timescales. Mesoscale variability is systematically strengthened in TOOSSE and closer to observations than that without data assimilation, which is especially evidenced by the improved simulation of the mesoscale tropical instability waves (TIWs). Adjustments to ocean surface forcing parameters exhibit both large and frontal/mesoscale structures, and the magnitude reach 20%–100% of the first guesses; the adjustments to diapycnal diffusivity exhibit an obvious elevation (decrement) in (below) the thermocline in the equatorial band. The results indicate that TOOSSE represents a dynamically and thermodynamically consistent ocean state estimate of the 2015–2016 Indo-Pacific Ocean, and can be widely utilized for regional process studies.

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Data Availability Statement

All data generated and/or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgment

The simulation work was carried out at National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin, and the calculations were performed on TianHe-1A. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments and recommendations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Xiaowei Wang, Chuanyu Liu & Fan Wang

  2. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Xiaowei Wang, Chuanyu Liu & Fan Wang

  3. Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China

    Xiaowei Wang, Chuanyu Liu & Fan Wang

  4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Chuanyu Liu & Fan Wang

  5. Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, D20146, Germany

    Armin Köhl & Detlef Stammer

  6. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China

    Wu Geng

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  1. Xiaowei Wang
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Correspondence to Chuanyu Liu.

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Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2016YFC1401703), the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (No. XDB42000000), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS (No. QYZDB-SSW-DQC030), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41976012, 41730534, 41806015, Y72143101B), and the Aoshan Talents Program by the QNML (No. 2017ASTCPES03)

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Wang, X., Liu, C., Köhl, A. et al. The adjoint-based Two Oceans One Sea State Estimate (TOOSSE). J. Ocean. Limnol. 40, 1–21 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-0439-9

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