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Tailored physical and magnetic properties by La3+ dopants in Mg–Ni–Co nanoferrites: insight into the law of approach to saturation

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Abstract

In this study, lanthanum La-doped Mg0.33Ni0.33Co0.33Fe2-xLaxO4 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) nanoferrites were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The physical properties of the samples were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD results confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel ferrite. Upon increasing the La3+ ions concentration, crystallite and particle sizes decreased as revealed from XRD and TEM analysis, respectively. The values of the lattice parameter estimated from the SAED are in harmony with those obtained from XRD patterns. The appearance of two bands in the FTIR spectra, mainly in the range of 592–595 and 387–422 cm−1, confirms the formation of the spinel structure. Furthermore, the red shift in A1g Raman mode, observed in La-doped nanoferrites, was attributed to the active motion of Fe3+ towards the A sites. The samples demonstrated a ferromagnetic behavior with a reducing saturation magnetization from 31.87 to 12.99 emu/g as x increased from 0.00 to 0.08, respectively. Different forms of the law of approach to saturation (LAS) were employed to fit M–H hysteresis curves of experimental data. Moreover, different parameters were investigated, including the exchange field, anisotropy field, Bohr magneton, and magnetocrystalline anisotropy. These parameters were further analyzed to check the accuracy of the fitting and the best-suited model.

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Acknowledgements

All authors acknowledge the Specialized Materials Science Laboratory and the Advanced Nanomaterials Laboratory in Beirut Arab University (BAU) for promoting this work. The authors also express their gratitude for researchers at Alexandria university that helped in the experimental measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon

    A. M. Abdallah

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon

    Amani Aridi & Mariam Rabaa

  3. Inorganic and Organometallic Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon

    Amani Aridi

  4. Faculty of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt

    Ramy M. Moussa

  5. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt

    Ramy M. Moussa & R. Awad

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AMA and AA data curation, formal analysis and writing MR sample preparation and characterization, RMMR measurements and data analysis, RA conceptualization, review and editing, supervision, project administration.

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Abdallah, A.M., Aridi, A., Rabaa, M. et al. Tailored physical and magnetic properties by La3+ dopants in Mg–Ni–Co nanoferrites: insight into the law of approach to saturation. Appl. Phys. A 129, 770 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-07040-y

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