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Effect of sintering temperature on the dielectric, impedance and piezoelectric properties of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Sn0.09Zr0.01O3 ceramics

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Abstract

Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Sn0.09Zr0.01O3 ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The effect of different sintering temperatures (1250 °C, 1350 °C, and 1450 °C) on the structural, dielectric, piezoelectric, and microstructure of the samples was investigated. The ceramics exhibited a tetragonal structure with a space group of P4mm and demonstrated a stable crystal structure despite the different sintering temperatures. The ceramic samples obtained similar Curie temperature, Tc approximately ~ 60 °C. Among all, the sample sintered at 1450 °C showed an improved pellet’s relative density with the highest dielectric constant, εr value at Tc of 6615. The sintering effect gives ~ 53% increment on dielectric constant at Tc due to the enhancement of the pellet density from 80.35% (sintered at 1250 °C) up to 91.21% (sintered at 1450 °C). Meanwhile, the sample sintered at 1250 °C obtained the highest piezoelectric constant, d33 value, due to the small grain size of 5.186 µm, which might lead to more 90° domain wall motion. The equivalent circuit analysis shows that the electrical microstructures of the samples were influenced by their ceramic microstructures. The sample sintered at 1450 °C exhibits an excellent fit using two sets of the parallel resistor, R and capacitor, C; R1–C1 (grain) and R2–C2 (grain boundary) elements. However, samples sintered at 1350 °C and 1250 °C required a constant phase element (CPE) to fit the R2–C2 element.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme 2018 (FRGS Grant No.: FRGS/1/2018/STG07/UNIMAP/02/4).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

    Ku Noor Dhaniah Ku Muhsen & Rozana Aina Maulat Osman

  2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

    Mohd Sobri Idris & Nur Izzati Muhammad Nadzri

  3. Center of Excellence for Frontier Materials Research, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

    Ku Noor Dhaniah Ku Muhsen, Rozana Aina Maulat Osman, Mohd Sobri Idris & Nur Izzati Muhammad Nadzri

  4. School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohammad Hafizuddin Hj Jumali

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Muhsen, K.N.D.K., Osman, R.A.M., Idris, M.S. et al. Effect of sintering temperature on the dielectric, impedance and piezoelectric properties of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Sn0.09Zr0.01O3 ceramics. Appl. Phys. A 128, 505 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-05631-9

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