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Porites astreoides coral populations demonstrate high clonality and connectivity in southeast Florida

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Abstract

Coral reefs in southeast Florida have experienced severe losses in coral cover and diversity in recent decades, primarily due to disease outbreaks and bleaching events exacerbated by anthropogenic impacts. Subsequent increases in “weedy” coral species like Agaricia spp. and Porites spp. have been observed on many reefs in this region. At the northernmost boundary of the Florida’s Coral Reef, St. Lucie Reef in Martin County has experienced a particularly notable increase in the abundance of Porites astreoides. To identify potential larval sources and P. astreoides population dynamics that may be contributing to observed coral community shifts, we sampled P. astreoides across five locations in southeast Florida from St. Lucie Reef to Fort Lauderdale and assessed population genetic structure using 2bRAD sequencing to generate single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. We identified high rates of clonality within and among the sample populations. Despite the brooding reproductive strategy of P. astreoides, there were relatively high levels of connectivity among populations and varying levels of genetic structure which correlated with geographic gradients. The genetic diversity and connectivity data reported here for P. astreoides populations in southeast Florida suggest that recent increases in abundance may be driven by high fecundity and long-range dispersal of a few successful genotypes.

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Data availability

The sequence data for this study is available on NCBI under the following accession ID: PRJNA869314, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/PRJNA869314. All other data and code to conduct the analyses and generate the figures for this manuscript are available on GitHub: https://github.com/erin-shilling/SEFL_Pastreoides_2bRAD.

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Acknowledgements

We thank A. Klein, G. Pantoni, and A. Carreiro for assistance with sample collection and processing; J. Nelson and M. Roy for assistance with boating and diving operations; K. Kerrigan for feedback on experimental design; and the University of Texas at Austin’s Genome Sequencing and Analysis Facility for sequencing support. Funding for this research was awarded to J. Voss from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (B9657D and B7C241). All work was carried out under permission of Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (permit SAL-20-1702-SRP) and St. Lucie Inlet State Park (permit #01221915). This is contribution 2317 from Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University.

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  1. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA

    Erin N. Shilling, Ryan J. Eckert, Alexis B. Sturm & Joshua D. Voss

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  1. Erin N. Shilling
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JDV conceived the study and secured the funding. ENS, JDV, and RJE developed the study design. ENS and RJE collected samples, ENS and ABS conducted the lab work. ENS, RJE, and ABS conducted the data analyses and visualizations. ENS wrote the manuscript, and all authors edited and contributed to the final version.

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Correspondence to Erin N. Shilling.

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Shilling, E.N., Eckert, R.J., Sturm, A.B. et al. Porites astreoides coral populations demonstrate high clonality and connectivity in southeast Florida. Coral Reefs 42, 1131–1145 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-023-02417-0

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