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Broadening our horizons: seascape use by coral reef-associated fishes in Kavieng, Papua New Guinea, is common and diverse

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Abstract

There is increasing evidence that non-reef habitats in the seascape surrounding coral reefs are widely used by reef-associated fishes. However, our understanding of seascape use in the Indo-Pacific region is incomplete due to its large geographical range and as a consequence, considerable environmental variation (e.g. tidal regimes). We used remote video cameras to survey reef-associated fishes within five habitat types (coral reef slope, coral reef flat, macroalgal beds, mangroves and seagrass meadows) around the Tigak Islands, Kavieng, Papua New Guinea. Of the 282 shallow-water reef-associated species observed across 360 videos, 35% (99 species) were recorded in non-reef habitats, the majority (78 species) on multiple occasions. We found that macroalgal beds dominated by low-complexity algal genera (e.g. Halimeda, Caulerpa) were used extensively by reef-associated fishes, complementing previous research that has documented the use of canopy-forming macroalgae (e.g. Sargassum). Mean species richness and relative abundances (MaxN) of reef-associated fishes were twofold higher in macroalgal beds than mangroves or seagrass. Interestingly, mangroves contained the most distinct fish assemblage of the three non-reef habitats, including several reef-associated species that were not recorded from any other habitat type. This suggests that mangroves possess attributes not shared by other shallow non-reef, or even reef, habitats. Importantly, many of the fish families commonly found in non-reef habitats (i.e. lethrinids, lutjanids) are targeted by local fishers and are thus critical to sustaining local livelihoods. Our study demonstrates that non-reef habitat use is common for many reef-associated fishes and highlights the need to incorporate a range of habitats into study designs to better understand habitat use patterns in the Indo-Pacific. Given the widespread degradation of coral reefs and other shallow-water habitats, we emphasize the need to recognize that reefs are embedded within a mosaic of habitat types that influence patterns and processes and that management strategies should be scaled appropriately.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the staff at the Nago Island Mariculture and Research Facility, Kavieng, Papua New Guinea (PNG), for their assistance, particularly our skipper Peksi Essau for his extensive knowledge of the region, the local communities for allowing us to conduct surveys, and the PNG National Fisheries Authority for support. Additional thanks are due to E. Aston for field assistance, T. Hill and C. Herrera Acosta for useful discussions on the manuscript, and G. Cresswell, V. Huertas, GP Jones and MI McCormick for assistance with fish identification. This project was supported by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Australia under Animal Ethics permit A2526 and the Digital Globe Foundation (satellite imagery).

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  1. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia

    Katie Sambrook, Mary C. Bonin, Graeme S. Cumming, Serge Andréfouët & Andrew S. Hoey

  2. Marine Biology and Aquaculture Unit, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia

    Michael Bradley

  3. TropWATER, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia

    Michael Bradley

  4. College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia

    Stephanie Duce

  5. Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de la Réunion, IFREMER, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP A5, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, New-Caledonia, France

    Serge Andréfouët

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Sambrook, K., Bonin, M.C., Bradley, M. et al. Broadening our horizons: seascape use by coral reef-associated fishes in Kavieng, Papua New Guinea, is common and diverse. Coral Reefs 39, 1187–1197 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01954-2

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