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The influence of thermal extremes on coral reef fish behaviour in the Arabian/Persian Gulf

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Abstract

Despite increasing environmental variability within marine ecosystems, little is known about how coral reef fish species will cope with future climate scenarios. The Arabian/Persian Gulf is an extreme environment, providing an opportunity to study fish behaviour on reefs with seasonal temperature ranges which include both values above the mortality threshold of Indo-Pacific reef fish, and values below the optimum temperature for growth. Summer temperatures in the Gulf are comparable to those predicted for the tropical ocean by 2090–2099. Using field observations in winter, spring and summer, and laboratory experiments, we examined the foraging activity, distance from refugia and resting time of Pomacentrus trichrourus (pale-tail damselfish). Observations of fish behaviour in natural conditions showed that individuals substantially reduced distance from refugia and feeding rate and increased resting time at sub-optimal environmental temperatures in winter (average SST = 21 °C) and summer (average SST = 34 °C), while showing high movement and feeding activity in spring (average SST = 27 °C). Diet was dominated by plankton in winter and spring, while fish used both plankton and benthic trophic resources in summer. These findings were corroborated under laboratory conditions: in a replicated aquarium experiment, time away from refugia and activity were significantly higher at 28 °C (i.e. spring temperature conditions) compared to 21 °C (i.e. winter temperature conditions). Our findings suggest that P. trichrourus may have adapted to the Arabian/Persian Gulf environment by downregulating costly activity during winter and summer and upregulating activity and increasing energy stores in spring. Such adaptive behavioural plasticity may be an important factor in the persistence of populations within increasing environmentally variable coral reef ecosystems.

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Acknowledgements

All research was carried out under approval of the NYU—AD Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC protocol No. 16-0005) and according to the University’s animal ethics guidelines. Fish collection was carried with permission of the Environment Agency, Abu Dhabi (protocol No. EAD-TMBS-RP-0). Thanks to the University of Nottingham for support thought the whole study. The authors acknowledge the support of the NYU Abu Dhabi Marinre Biology Core Technology Platform in making this research possible.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK

    Daniele D’Agostino & Tom Reader

  2. Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    John A. Burt & Grace O. Vaughan

  3. School of Biological Sciences, Stopford 1.203, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Ben B. Chapman

  4. Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy

    Veronica Santinelli

  5. Laboratório de Oceanografia Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Cidade Universitária, Tabuleiro dos Martins Maceió, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-970, Brazil

    Geórgenes H. Cavalcante

  6. Gulf Environments Research Institute, American University of Sharjah, PO Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Geórgenes H. Cavalcante

  7. MRAG Ltd, 18 Queen Street, London, W1J 5PN, UK

    David A. Feary

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  1. Daniele D’Agostino
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D’Agostino, D., Burt, J.A., Reader, T. et al. The influence of thermal extremes on coral reef fish behaviour in the Arabian/Persian Gulf. Coral Reefs 39, 733–744 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-019-01847-z

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