Abstract
The 27 species of the genus Pogonophryne are a distinctive component of the radiation of cryonotothenioid fishes and commonly encountered during benthic trawling and commercial longlining for toothfish. They are difficult to identify because they are morphologically and ecologically similar and sympatric in their distributions. The genus has recently been the subject of a taxonomic consolidation that, on the basis of nuclear gene sequence data and morphometrics, has synonymized the 27 species to the five known species groups and detected an unnamed sixth clade, decreasing the diversity of Pogonophryne by ≈ 78% and that of the radiation of cryonotothenioids by ≈ 16%. We clarify this situation by assigning each of the 27 species to a species group. We also provide an uncomplicated illustrated guide that requires no counting or measuring of characters and facilitates the placement of each of the species into one of three categories, five species groups, and three subgroups within the genus. These are the essential steps in identifying a species of Pogonophryne whether following the traditional or reduced view of diversity. With the exception of the details concerning the undescribed species, this is the heretofore elusive synopsis of the genus that should remain stable into the future.
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Some specimens and data are deposited in the ichthyology collections of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA.
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NA.
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Acknowledgements
The photos of Pogonophryne immaculata were taken by Peter Marriott, the National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Ltd., New Zealand and provided by Andrew Stewart (National Museum of New Zealand Te Papa). We also thank him and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments for revising this manuscript.
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JTE was supported by funding from Grants US NSF ANT 94-16870 and ANT 04-36190.
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Both authors participated in the analysis, writing, and final approval of this paper. RRE was responsible for recognizing, defining, and determining the species composition of the categories, species groups, and subgroups of Pogonophryne and also for supplying the original photographic prints for Figs. 2–4.
The P. barsukovi species group. Dorsal and lateral views of heads of Pogonophryne barsukovi (a, b), 217 mm and P. permitini (c, d), 126 mm. Both specimens are holotypes and females. From Andriashev (1967, Figs. 2, 3)
2,
The P. marmorata and P. mentella species groups. Dorsal and lateral views of the heads of Pogonophryne marmorata (a, b), 176 mm and P. mentella (c, d), 132 mm, holotype. Red arrows (a, b) indicate anterior area or gap within the orbit not filled by eye of P. marmorata. Both specimens are females. From Andriashev (1967, Figs. 2, 5)
3 and
The P. scotti species group. Dorsal and lateral views of the head (a, b) and trunk (c) of Pogonophryne scotti, 248 mm, male. From Andriashev (1967, Fig. 4)
4.
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Eastman, J.T., Eakin, R.R. Decomplicating and identifying species in the radiation of the Antarctic fish genus Pogonophryne (Artedidraconidae). Polar Biol 45, 825–832 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-022-03034-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-022-03034-3