Abstract
Chen et al. (Polar Biology, 43(11):1769–1781) recently reported lagged, region-specific responses of Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) abundance to environmental variability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Their study suggests that lags are important toward understanding Adélie penguin population change. Though we agree with many of their findings, there are several issues with these authors’ hypotheses and consequent interpretation of their results. Generally, the selected environmental variables and the scales analyzed need proper justification, as their reasoning of the causality on penguin abundance at the Ross Sea is not in agreement with previous natural history studies of both the penguins and their prey carried out in this region. Here we provide critically constructive comments on their paper and present alternative initial hypothesis to explain their results. We suggest that the variables analyzed and their scale, should be re-considered in order to reach conclusions that help explain the recent changes in Adélie penguin colonies in the Ross Sea, ‘home’ to about one-third of the global population.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
This manuscript has no associated data.
References
Ainley DG (2002) The Adélie penguin: bellwether of climate change. Columbia University Press
Ainley D (2007) Insights from study of the last intact neritic marine ecosystem. Trends Ecol Evol 22:444–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.06.007
Ainley DG, Wilson PR, Barton KJ et al (1998) Diet and foraging effort of Adelie penguins in relation to pack-ice conditions in the southern Ross Sea. Polar Biol 20:311–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050308
Ainley DGG, Ballard G, Barton KJJ et al (2003) Spatial and temporal variation of diet within a presumed metapopulation of Adelie penguins. Condor 105:95–106. https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[95:SATVOD]2.0.CO;2
Ainley DG, Ballard G, Weller J (2010) Ross Sea bioregionalization, part I: validation of the 2007 CCAMLR bioregionalization workshop results towards including the Ross Sea in a representative network of marine protected areas in the Southern Ocean. CAMLR Ref number CCAMLR WG-EMM-10/11
Ainley DG, Ballard G, Jones RM et al (2015) Trophic cascades in the western ross sea, antarctica: Revisited. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 534:1–16. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11394
Ainley DG, Dugger KM, La Mesa M, Ballard G, Barton KJ, Jennings S, Wilson P (2018) Postfledging survival of Adélie penguins at multiple colonies: chicks raised on fish do well. Marine Ecol Prog Ser 601:239–251
Arrigo KR, van Dijken GL, Strong AL (2015) Environmental controls of marine productivity hot spots around Antarctica. J Geophys Res Ocean 120:5545–5565. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC010888.Received
Arrigo KR, Worthen DL, Robinson DH (2003) A coupled ocean-ecosystem model of the Ross Sea: 2. Iron regulation of phytoplankton taxonomic variability and primary production. J Geophys Res Ocean 108:. doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jc000856
Ballard G, Jongsomjit D, Ainley DG, Harvey HT (2012) Ross Sea Bioregionalization, Part II: Patterns Of Co-Occurrence Of Mesopredators in an Intact Polar Ocean Ecosystem. CCAMLR WG-EMM-10/12, Hobart 1–61
Chen X, Cheng X, Zhang B et al (2020) Lagged response of Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) abundance to environmental variability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Polar Biol 43:1769–1781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02743-x
Davis LB, Hofmann EE, Klinck JM et al (2017) Distributions of krill and Antarctic silverfish and correlations with environmental variables in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 584:45–65. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12347
Dinniman MS, Klinck JM, Smith WO (2011) A model study of Circumpolar Deep Water on the West Antarctic Peninsula and Ross Sea continental shelves. Deep Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr 58:1508–1523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.11.013
Dugger KM, Ballard G, Ainley DG et al (2014) Adelie penguins coping with environmental change: results from a natural experiment at the edge of their breeding range. Front Ecol Evol 2:1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2014.00068
Grimaldi W, Ainley DG, Massaro M (2018) Multi-year serological evaluation of three viral agents in the Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) on Ross Island, Antarctica. Polar Biol 41:2023–2031. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2342-1
Jacobs SS, Comiso JC (1989) Sea ice and oceanic processes on the Ross Sea continental shelf. J Geophys Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/jc094ic12p18195
Jenouvrier S, Barbraud C, Cazelles B, Weimerskirch H (2005) Modelling population dynamics of seabirds: importnace of the effects of climate fluctuations of breeding proportions. Oikos 108:511–522. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13351.x
Lyver POB, Barron M, Barton KJ, et al (2014) ´ lie Penguins in Trends in the Breeding Population of Ade the Ross Sea , 1981 – 2012 : A Coincidence of Climate and Resource Extraction Effects. 9:1–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091188
Newman EA, Kennedy MC, Falk DA, McKenzie D (2019) Scaling and complexity in landscape ecology. Front Ecol Evol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00293
Santora JA, LaRue MA, Ainley DG (2020) Geographic structuring of Antarctic penguin populations. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 29:1716–1728. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13144
Smith WO, Ainley DG, Cattaneo-Vietti R (2007) Trophic interactions within the Ross Sea continental shelf ecosystem. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 362:95–111. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1956
Smith WO, Ainley DG, Cattaneo-vietti R, Hofmann EE (2012) The Ross Sea Continental Shelf: Regional Biogeochemical Cycles, Trophic Interactions, and Potential Future Changes. Antarct Ecosyst 1979:213–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444347241.ch7
Smith WO, Ainley DG, Arrigo KR, Dinniman MS (2014) The oceanography and ecology of the ross sea. Ann Rev Mar Sci 6:469–487. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135114
Southwell C, Emmerson L, McKinlay J et al (2015) Spatially extensive standardized surveys reveal widespread, multi-decadal increase in East Antarctic Adélie penguin populations. PLoS ONE 10:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139877
Thatje S, Hillenbrand C-D, Mackensen A, Larter R (2008) Life hung by a thread: Endurance of Antarctic Fauna in Glacial Periods. Ecology 89:682–692
Wilson PR, Ainley DG, Nur N et al (2001) Adélie penguin population change in the pacific sector of Antarctica: Relation to sea-ice extent and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 213:301–309. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps213301
Funding
Funding was provided by NSF Grant PLR 1543459 and 1543498.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors conceived the idea, wrote the manuscript, and read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This manuscript did not include fieldwork or laboratory research with animals.
Consent to participate
This manuscript did not include research with human participants.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morandini, V., Salas, L., Nur, N. et al. Comment on “Lagged response of Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) abundance to environmental variability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica”. Polar Biol 45, 769–772 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-022-03005-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-022-03005-8